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raytracing
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Author SHA1 Message Date
jbb01 a0f562a930 wip 
https://pbr-book.org/4ed/Radiometry,_Spectra,_and_Color/Color
 6 months ago
63 changed files with 1060 additions and 1923 deletions
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129
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/Examples.java
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@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpaces;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBIlluminantSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.CheckerTexture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.camera.SimpleCamera;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material.*;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.ImageTexture;
@ -52,14 +49,13 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getSimpleScene(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 675;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
return new Example(
new Scene(getSkyBox(), List.of(
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, -100.5, -1.0), 100.0, new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.8, 0.8, 0.0), cs)),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 0, -1.2), 0.5, new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.1, 0.2, 0.5), cs)),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, -100.5, -1.0), 100.0, new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.0))),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 0, -1.2), 0.5, new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.1, 0.2, 0.5))),
new Sphere(new Vec3(-1.0, 0, -1.2), 0.5, new DielectricMaterial(1.5)),
new Sphere(new Vec3(-1.0, 0, -1.2), 0.4, new DielectricMaterial(1 / 1.5)),
new Sphere(new Vec3(1.0, 0, -1.2), 0.5, new MetallicMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), cs, 0.0))
new Sphere(new Vec3(1.0, 0, -1.2), 0.5, new MetallicMaterial(new Color(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.0))
)),
SimpleCamera.builder()
.withImage(height * 16 / 9, height)
@ -70,16 +66,11 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getSpheres(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 675;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
var rng = new Random(1);
var objects = new ArrayList<Hittable>();
objects.add(new Sphere(
new Vec3(0, -1000, 0), 1000,
new LambertianMaterial(new CheckerTexture(0.32,
new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, new ColorRGB(.2, .3, .1)),
new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, new ColorRGB(.9, .9, .9))
))
new LambertianMaterial(new CheckerTexture(0.32, new Color(.2, .3, .1), new Color(.9, .9, .9)))
));
for (int a = -11; a < 11; a++) {
@ -91,13 +82,13 @@ public class Examples {
var rnd = rng.nextDouble();
if (rnd < 0.8) {
// diffuse
var albedo = ColorRGB.random(rng).times(ColorRGB.random(rng));
material = new LambertianMaterial(albedo, cs);
var albedo = Color.multiply(Color.random(rng), Color.random(rng));
material = new LambertianMaterial(albedo);
} else if (rnd < 0.95) {
// metal
var albedo = ColorRGB.random(rng, 0.5, 1.0);
var albedo = Color.random(rng, 0.5, 1.0);
var fuzz = rng.nextDouble() * 0.5;
material = new MetallicMaterial(albedo, cs, fuzz);
material = new MetallicMaterial(albedo, fuzz);
} else {
// glass
material = new DielectricMaterial(1.5);
@ -108,8 +99,8 @@ public class Examples {
}
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.0, new DielectricMaterial(1.5)));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.4, 0.2, 0.1), cs)));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, new MetallicMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), cs)));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, new MetallicMaterial(new Color(0.7, 0.6, 0.5))));
var camera = SimpleCamera.builder()
.withImage(height * 16 / 9, height)
@ -125,14 +116,13 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getSquares(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 600;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
return new Example(
new Scene(getSkyBox(), List.of(
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-3, -2, 5), new Vec3(0, 0, -4), new Vec3(0, 4, 0), new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(1.0, 0.2, 0.2), cs)),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-2, -2, 0), new Vec3(4, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 4, 0), new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.2, 1.0, 0.2), cs)),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(3, -2, 1), new Vec3(0, 0, 4), new Vec3(0, 4, 0), new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.2, 0.2, 1.0), cs)),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-2, 3, 1), new Vec3(4, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 0, 4), new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(1.0, 0.5, 0.0), cs)),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-2, -3, 5), new Vec3(4, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 0, -4), new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.2, 0.8, 0.8), cs))
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-3, -2, 5), new Vec3(0, 0, -4), new Vec3(0, 4, 0), new LambertianMaterial(new Color(1.0, 0.2, 0.2))),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-2, -2, 0), new Vec3(4, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 4, 0), new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.2, 1.0, 0.2))),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(3, -2, 1), new Vec3(0, 0, 4), new Vec3(0, 4, 0), new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.2, 0.2, 1.0))),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-2, 3, 1), new Vec3(4, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 0, 4), new LambertianMaterial(new Color(1.0, 0.5, 0.0))),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(-2, -3, 5), new Vec3(4, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 0, -4), new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.2, 0.8, 0.8)))
)),
SimpleCamera.builder()
.withImage(height, height)
@ -145,13 +135,12 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getLight(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 225;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
return new Example(
new Scene(List.of(
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.2, 0.2, 0.2), cs)),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 2, 0), 2, new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.2, 0.2, 0.2), cs)),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(3, 1, -2), new Vec3(2, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 2, 0), new DiffuseLight(new ColorRGB(4.0, 4.0, 4.0), cs)),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 7, 0), 2, new DiffuseLight(new ColorRGB(4.0, 4.0, 4.0), cs))
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.2, 0.2, 0.2))),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 2, 0), 2, new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.2, 0.2, 0.2))),
new Parallelogram(new Vec3(3, 1, -2), new Vec3(2, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 2, 0), new DiffuseLight(new Color(4.0, 4.0, 4.0))),
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 7, 0), 2, new DiffuseLight(new Color(4.0, 4.0, 4.0)))
)),
SimpleCamera.builder()
.withImage(height * 16 / 9, height)
@ -165,11 +154,10 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getCornellBox(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 600;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
var red = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.65, .05, .05), cs);
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.73, .73, .73), cs);
var green = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.12, .45, .15), cs);
var light = new DiffuseLight(new ColorRGB(15.0, 15.0, 15.0), cs);
var red = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.65, .05, .05));
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.73, .73, .73));
var green = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.12, .45, .15));
var light = new DiffuseLight(new Color(15.0, 15.0, 15.0));
return new Example(
new Scene(List.of(
@ -193,11 +181,10 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getCornellBoxSmoke(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 600;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
var red = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.65, .05, .05), cs);
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.73, .73, .73), cs);
var green = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.12, .45, .15), cs);
var light = new DiffuseLight(new ColorRGB(15.0, 15.0, 15.0), cs);
var red = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.65, .05, .05));
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.73, .73, .73));
var green = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.12, .45, .15));
var light = new DiffuseLight(new Color(7.0, 7.0, 7.0));
return new Example(
new Scene(List.of(
@ -207,13 +194,13 @@ public class Examples {
new Box(new Vec3(0, 0, 0), new Vec3(165, 330, 165), white)
.rotateY(Math.toRadians(15))
.translate(new Vec3(265, 0, 295)),
0.01, new IsotropicMaterial(ColorRGB.BLACK, cs)
0.01, new IsotropicMaterial(Color.BLACK)
),
new ConstantMedium(
new Box(new Vec3(0, 0, 0), new Vec3(165, 165, 165), white)
.rotateY(Math.toRadians(-18))
.translate(new Vec3(130, 0, 65)),
0.01, new IsotropicMaterial(ColorRGB.WHITE, cs)
0.01, new IsotropicMaterial(Color.WHITE)
)
)),
SimpleCamera.builder()
@ -228,11 +215,10 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getCornellBoxSphere(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 600;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
var red = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.65, .05, .05), cs);
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.73, .73, .73), cs);
var green = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.12, .45, .15), cs);
var light = new DiffuseLight(new ColorRGB(7.0, 7.0, 7.0), cs);
var red = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.65, .05, .05));
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.73, .73, .73));
var green = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.12, .45, .15));
var light = new DiffuseLight(new Color(7.0, 7.0, 7.0));
var glass = new DielectricMaterial(1.5);
var room = new Box(new Vec3(0, 0, 0), new Vec3(555, 555, 555), white, white, red, green, white, null);
@ -256,18 +242,17 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getDiagramm(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 450;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
record Partei(String name, ColorRGB color, double stimmen) { }
record Partei(String name, Color color, double stimmen) { }
var data = List.of(
new Partei("CDU", new ColorRGB(0x00, 0x4B, 0x76), 18.9),
new Partei("SPD", new ColorRGB(0xC0, 0x00, 0x3C), 25.7),
new Partei("AfD", new ColorRGB(0x80, 0xCD, 0xEC), 10.3),
new Partei("FDP", new ColorRGB(0xF7, 0xBB, 0x3D), 11.5),
new Partei("DIE LINKE", new ColorRGB(0x5F, 0x31, 0x6E), 4.9),
new Partei("GRÜNE", new ColorRGB(0x00, 0x85, 0x4A), 14.8),
new Partei("CSU", new ColorRGB(0x00, 0x77, 0xB6), 5.2)
new Partei("CDU", new Color(0x00, 0x4B, 0x76), 18.9),
new Partei("SPD", new Color(0xC0, 0x00, 0x3C), 25.7),
new Partei("AfD", new Color(0x80, 0xCD, 0xEC), 10.3),
new Partei("FDP", new Color(0xF7, 0xBB, 0x3D), 11.5),
new Partei("DIE LINKE", new Color(0x5F, 0x31, 0x6E), 4.9),
new Partei("GRÜNE", new Color(0x00, 0x85, 0x4A), 14.8),
new Partei("CSU", new Color(0x00, 0x77, 0xB6), 5.2)
);
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.99, .99, .99), cs);
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.99, .99, .99));
var count = data.size();
var size = 75d;
@ -287,12 +272,12 @@ public class Examples {
objects.add(new Box(
new Vec3((i + 1) * spacing + i * size, 0, spacing),
new Vec3((i + 1) * spacing + (i + 1) * size, partei.stimmen() * 15, spacing + size),
new DielectricMaterial(1.5, partei.color(), cs)
new DielectricMaterial(1.5, partei.color())
));
}
return new Example(
new Scene(cs.illuminant().scale(1.25), objects),
new Scene(new Color(1.25, 1.25, 1.25), objects),
SimpleCamera.builder()
.withImage(height * 16 / 9, height)
.withPosition(new Vec3(700, 250, 800))
@ -307,7 +292,7 @@ public class Examples {
return new Example(
new Scene(getSkyBox(), List.of(
new Sphere(Vec3.ZERO, 2, new LambertianMaterial(new ImageTexture("earthmap.jpg", ColorSpaces.sRGB)))
new Sphere(Vec3.ZERO, 2, new LambertianMaterial(new ImageTexture("/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/textures/earthmap.jpg")))
)),
SimpleCamera.builder()
.withImage(height * 16 / 9, height)
@ -340,13 +325,12 @@ public class Examples {
public static @NotNull Example getFinal(int height) {
if (height <= 0) height = 400;
var cs = ColorSpaces.sRGB;
var objects = new ArrayList<Hittable>();
var random = new Random(1);
// boxes
var boxes = new ArrayList<Hittable>();
var ground = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.48, 0.83, 0.53), cs);
var ground = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.48, 0.83, 0.53));
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
var w = 100.0;
@ -364,31 +348,31 @@ public class Examples {
// light
objects.add(new Parallelogram(
new Vec3(123, 554, 147), new Vec3(300, 0, 0), new Vec3(0, 0, 265),
new DiffuseLight(new ColorRGB(7., 7., 7.), cs)
new DiffuseLight(new Color(7., 7., 7.))
));
// spheres with different materials
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(400, 400, 200), 50, new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.7, 0.3, 0.1), cs)));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(400, 400, 200), 50, new LambertianMaterial(new Color(0.7, 0.3, 0.1))));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(260, 150, 45), 50, new DielectricMaterial(1.5)));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 150, 145), 50, new MetallicMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.8, 0.8, 0.9), cs, 1.0)));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 150, 145), 50, new MetallicMaterial(new Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.9), 1.0)));
// glass sphere filled with gas
var boundary = new Sphere(new Vec3(360, 150, 145), 70, new DielectricMaterial(1.5));
objects.add(boundary);
objects.add(new ConstantMedium(boundary, 0.2, new IsotropicMaterial(new ColorRGB(0.2, 0.4, 0.9), cs)));
objects.add(new ConstantMedium(boundary, 0.2, new IsotropicMaterial(new Color(0.2, 0.4, 0.9))));
// put the world in a glass sphere
objects.add(new ConstantMedium(
new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 0, 0), 5000, new DielectricMaterial(1.5)),
0.0001, new IsotropicMaterial(new ColorRGB(1., 1., 1.), cs)
0.0001, new IsotropicMaterial(new Color(1., 1., 1.))
));
// textures spheres
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(400, 200, 400), 100, new LambertianMaterial(new ImageTexture("earthmap.jpg", cs))));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(400, 200, 400), 100, new LambertianMaterial(new ImageTexture("/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/textures/earthmap.jpg"))));
objects.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(220, 280, 300), 80, new LambertianMaterial(new PerlinTexture(0.2))));
// box from spheres
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new ColorRGB(.73, .73, .73), cs);
var white = new LambertianMaterial(new Color(.73, .73, .73));
var spheres = new ArrayList<Hittable>();
for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
spheres.add(new Sphere(new Vec3(random.nextDouble(165), random.nextDouble(165), random.nextDouble(165)), 10, white));
@ -407,9 +391,6 @@ public class Examples {
}
private static @NotNull SkyBox getSkyBox() {
return SkyBox.gradient(
new RGBIlluminantSpectrum(ColorSpaces.sRGB, new ColorRGB(0.5, 0.7, 1.0)),
ColorSpaces.sRGB.illuminant()
);
return SkyBox.gradient(new Color(0.5, 0.7, 1.0), Color.WHITE);
}
}

9
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/Main.java
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@ -2,12 +2,9 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.ImageFormat;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Image;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.LiveCanvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.XYZCanvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer.SimpleRenderer;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpaces;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.IOException;
@ -33,11 +30,11 @@ public class Main {
Canvas canvas;
if (config.preview) {
var image = new LiveCanvas(new XYZCanvas(camera.getWidth(), camera.getHeight()), ColorSpaces.sRGB);
var image = new LiveCanvas(new Image(camera.getWidth(), camera.getHeight()));
image.preview();
canvas = image;
} else {
canvas = new XYZCanvas(camera.getWidth(), camera.getHeight());
canvas = new Image(camera.getWidth(), camera.getHeight());
}
long time = System.nanoTime();

21
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/math/IVec.java
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@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
/**
* A vector-like object that implements the standard mathematical operations
* @param <T> the type
*/
public interface IVec<T extends IVec<T>> {
double get(int i);
@NotNull T plus(@NotNull T other);
@NotNull T minus(@NotNull T other);
@NotNull T times(@NotNull T other);
@NotNull T times(double d);
default @NotNull T div(double d) {
return times(1 / d);
}
double @NotNull[] toArray();
}

36
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/math/IVec3.java
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@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
/**
* A vector-like object with three components.
* @param <T> the type
*/
public interface IVec3<T extends Record & IVec3<T>> extends IVec<T> {
default double component1() {
return toVec3().x();
}
default double component2() {
return toVec3().y();
}
default double component3() {
return toVec3().z();
}
@Override
default double get(int i) {
return switch (i) {
case 0 -> component1();
case 1 -> component2();
case 2 -> component3();
default -> throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(i);
};
}
@NotNull Vec3 toVec3();
@Override
default double @NotNull [] toArray() {
return new double[] {component1(), component2(), component3()};
}
}

189
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/math/Matrix3.java
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@ -2,46 +2,11 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Objects;
public record Matrix3(
double a11, double a12, double a13,
double a21, double a22, double a23,
double a31, double a32, double a33
) {
public static @NotNull Matrix3 fromRows(@NotNull Vec3 @NotNull[] rows) {
if (rows.length != 3) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
return fromRows(rows[0], rows[1], rows[2]);
}
public static @NotNull Matrix3 fromRows(@NotNull Vec3 row0, @NotNull Vec3 row1, @NotNull Vec3 row2) {
return new Matrix3(
row0.x(), row0.y(), row0.z(),
row1.x(), row1.y(), row1.z(),
row2.x(), row2.y(), row2.z()
);
}
public static @NotNull Matrix3 fromColumns(@NotNull Vec3 @NotNull[] cols) {
if (cols.length != 3) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
return fromColumns(cols[0], cols[1], cols[2]);
}
public static @NotNull Matrix3 fromColumns(@NotNull Vec3 col0, @NotNull Vec3 col1, @NotNull Vec3 col2) {
return new Matrix3(
col0.x(), col1.x(), col2.x(),
col0.y(), col1.y(), col2.y(),
col0.z(), col1.z(), col2.z()
);
}
public static @NotNull Matrix3 fromArray(double @NotNull[] @NotNull[] array) {
return new Matrix3(
array[0][0], array[0][1], array[0][2],
array[1][0], array[1][1], array[1][2],
array[2][0], array[2][1], array[2][2]
);
}
public Matrix3() {
this(1, 1, 1);
@ -99,157 +64,9 @@ public record Matrix3(
if (det == 0) throw new IllegalStateException();
var t = 1 / det;
return new Matrix3(
t * (Math.fma( a22, a33, -a23 * a32)),
t * (Math.fma(-a12, a33, a13 * a32)),
t * (Math.fma( a12, a23, -a13 * a22)),
t * (Math.fma(-a21, a33, a23 * a31)),
t * (Math.fma( a11, a33, -a13 * a31)),
t * (Math.fma(-a11, a23, a13 * a21)),
t * (Math.fma( a21, a32, -a22 * a31)),
t * (Math.fma(-a11, a32, a12 * a31)),
t * (Math.fma( a11, a22, -a12 * a21))
t * (a22 * a33 - a23 * a32), t * (-a12 * a33 + a13 * a32), t * (a12 * a23 - a13 * a22),
t * (-a21 * a33 + a23 * a31), t * (a11 * a33 - a13 * a31), t * (-a11 * a23 + a13 * a21),
t * (a21 * a32 - a22 * a31), t * (a11 * a32 + a12 * a31), t * (a11 * a22 - a12 * a21)
);
}
public @NotNull Vec3 column(int i) {
return switch (i) {
case 0 -> new Vec3(a11, a21, a31);
case 1 -> new Vec3(a12, a22, a32);
case 2 -> new Vec3(a13, a23, a33);
default -> throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(i);
};
}
public @NotNull Vec3 @NotNull[] columns() {
return new Vec3[] {
new Vec3(a11, a21, a31),
new Vec3(a12, a22, a32),
new Vec3(a13, a23, a33)
};
}
public @NotNull Vec3 row(int i) {
return switch (i) {
case 0 -> new Vec3(a11, a12, a13);
case 1 -> new Vec3(a21, a22, a23);
case 2 -> new Vec3(a31, a32, a33);
default -> throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(i);
};
}
public @NotNull Vec3 @NotNull[] rows() {
return new Vec3[] {
new Vec3(a11, a12, a13),
new Vec3(a21, a22, a23),
new Vec3(a31, a32, a33)
};
}
public double @NotNull[] @NotNull[] toArray() {
return new double[][] {
{a11, a12, a13},
{a21, a22, a23},
{a31, a32, a33}
};
}
public double get(int i, int j) {
Objects.checkIndex(i, 3);
Objects.checkIndex(j, 3);
var idx = 3 * i + j;
return switch (idx) {
case 0 -> a11;
case 1 -> a12;
case 2 -> a13;
case 3 -> a21;
case 4 -> a22;
case 5 -> a23;
case 6 -> a31;
case 7 -> a32;
case 8 -> a33;
default -> throw new AssertionError();
};
}
/**
* Performs lower-upper decomposition with partial pivoting (LUP decomposition) on {@code this} matrix.
* @param tolerance a small tolerance number to detect failure when the matrix is near degenerate
* @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LU_decomposition&oldid=1213102558#C_code_example">LU decomposition — Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia</a>
*/
public @NotNull LUPDecomposition decompose(double tolerance) {
// unit permutation matrix
var perm = new int[] {0, 1, 2, 3};
var A = toArray();
var N = 3;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
double maxA = 0.0;
int imax = i;
for (int k = i; k < N; k++) {
double absA = Math.abs(A[k][i]);
if (absA > maxA) {
maxA = absA;
imax = k;
}
}
if (maxA < tolerance) throw new IllegalArgumentException("matrix is degenerate");
if (imax != i) {
// pivoting P
int j = perm[i];
perm[i] = perm[imax];
perm[imax] = j;
// pivoting rows of A
var ptr = A[i];
A[i] = A[imax];
A[imax] = ptr;
// counting pivots starting from N (for determinant)
perm[3]++;
}
for (int j = i + 1; j < N; j++) {
A[j][i] /= A[i][i];
for (int k = i + 1; k < N; k++) {
A[j][k] -= A[j][i] * A[i][k];
}
}
}
return new LUPDecomposition(fromArray(A), perm);
}
public record LUPDecomposition(@NotNull Matrix3 matrix, int @NotNull[] permutation) {
/**
* Solves the equation {@code Ax = b} where {@code A} is the matrix that {@code this} decomposition was derived
* from.
* @param b the right hand side vector
* @return the solution vector
*/
public @NotNull Vec3 solve(@NotNull Vec3 b) {
var N = 3;
var x = new double[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
x[i] = b.get(permutation[i]);
for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
x[i] -= matrix.get(i, k) * x[k];
}
}
for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
for (int k = i + 1; k < N; k++) {
x[i] -= matrix.get(i, k) * x[k];
}
x[i] /= matrix.get(i, i);
}
return new Vec3(x[0], x[1], x[2]);
}
}
}

8
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/math/Ray.java
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@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Objects;
public record Ray(@NotNull Vec3 origin, @NotNull Vec3 direction, @NotNull SampledWavelengths lambda) {
public record Ray(@NotNull Vec3 origin, @NotNull Vec3 direction) {
public Ray {
Objects.requireNonNull(origin, "origin");
Objects.requireNonNull(direction, "direction");
Objects.requireNonNull(lambda, "lambda");
}
public Ray(@NotNull Vec3 origin, @NotNull Vec3 direction) {
this(origin, direction, SampledWavelengths.EMPTY);
}
public @NotNull Vec3 at(double t) {

100
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/math/Vec3.java
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@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import java.util.random.RandomGenerator;
import static eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.Main.DEBUG;
public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) {
public static final Vec3 ZERO = new Vec3(0, 0, 0);
public static final Vec3 MAX = new Vec3(Double.MAX_VALUE, Double.MAX_VALUE, Double.MAX_VALUE);
public static final Vec3 MIN = new Vec3(-Double.MAX_VALUE, -Double.MAX_VALUE, -Double.MAX_VALUE);
public static final Vec3 UNIT_X = new Vec3(1, 0, 0);
public static final Vec3 UNIT_Y = new Vec3(0, 1, 0);
public static final Vec3 UNIT_Z = new Vec3(0, 0, 1);
@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
* @return the reflected vector
*/
public static @NotNull Vec3 reflect(@NotNull Vec3 vec, @NotNull Vec3 normal) {
var factor = - 2 * normal.dot(vec);
var factor = - 2 * normal.times(vec);
return Vec3.fma(factor, normal, vec);
}
@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
*/
public static @NotNull Optional<Vec3> refract(@NotNull Vec3 vec, @NotNull Vec3 normal, double ri) {
vec = vec.unit();
var cosTheta = Math.min(- vec.dot(normal), 1.0);
var cosTheta = Math.min(- vec.times(normal), 1.0);
var sinTheta = Math.sqrt(1 - cosTheta * cosTheta);
if (ri * sinTheta > 1) return Optional.empty();
@ -164,10 +166,6 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
return a.x * b.y * c.z + a.y * b.z * c.x + a.z * b.x * c.y - c.x * b.y * a.z - c.y * b.z * a.x - c.z * b.x * a.y;
}
/*
* Math
*/
public @NotNull Vec3 plus(double x, double y, double z) {
return new Vec3(this.x + x, this.y + y, this.z + z);
}
@ -181,7 +179,6 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
* @param other a vector
* @return the sum of this and the other vector
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 plus(@NotNull Vec3 other) {
return new Vec3(this.x + other.x, this.y + other.y, this.z + other.z);
}
@ -191,58 +188,49 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
* @param other a vector
* @return the difference of this and the other vector
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 minus(@NotNull Vec3 other) {
return new Vec3(this.x - other.x, this.y - other.y, this.z - other.z);
}
/**
* Multiplies this vector with a scalar
* @param t a scalar
* @return the product of this vector and the scalar
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 times(double t) {
return new Vec3(this.x * t, this.y * t, this.z * t);
}
/**
* Multiplies this vector with another vector component-wise.
* Computes the scalar product of this and another vector
* @param other a vector
* @return the component-wise product of this vector and the other vector
* @return the scalar product
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 times(@NotNull Vec3 other) {
return new Vec3(this.x * other.x, this.y * other.y, this.z * other.z);
public double times(@NotNull Vec3 other) {
return this.x * other.x + this.y * other.y + this.z * other.z;
}
/**
* Divides this vector by a scalar
* Multiplies this vector with a scalar
* @param t a scalar
* @return this vector divided by the scalar
* @return the product of this vector and the scalar
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 div(double t) {
return times(1 / t);
public @NotNull Vec3 times(double t) {
return new Vec3(this.x * t, this.y * t, this.z * t);
}
/**
* Computes the scalar product of this and another vector
* @param other a vector
* @return the scalar product
* Negates this vector.
* {@return the negated vector}
*/
public double dot(@NotNull Vec3 other) {
return this.x * other.x + this.y * other.y + this.z * other.z;
}
public @NotNull Vec3 neg() {
return new Vec3(-x, -y, -z);
}
/**
* Inverts each component of this vector.
* @return the inverted vector.
*/
public @NotNull Vec3 inv() {
return new Vec3(1 / x, 1 / y, 1 / z);
}
/**
* Computes the cross-product of this and another vector
* @param other a vector
* @return the cross-product
*/
public @NotNull Vec3 cross(@NotNull Vec3 other) {
return new Vec3(
Math.fma(this.y, other.z, - other.y * this.z),
@ -251,6 +239,15 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
);
}
/**
* Divides this vector by a scalar
* @param t a scalar
* @return this vector divided by the scalar
*/
public @NotNull Vec3 div(double t) {
return new Vec3(this.x / t, this.y / t, this.z / t);
}
/**
* {@return the squared length of this vector}
*/
@ -282,28 +279,17 @@ public record Vec3(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<Vec3> {
return div(Math.sqrt(squared));
}
/*
* Accessors
/**
* {@return the n-th component of this vector}
* @param axis the component index
*/
@Override
public double component1() {
return x;
}
@Override
public double component2() {
return y;
}
@Override
public double component3() {
return z;
}
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 toVec3() {
return this;
public double get(int axis) {
return switch (axis) {
case 0 -> x;
case 1 -> y;
case 2 -> z;
default -> throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(axis);
};
}
public @NotNull Vec3 withX(double x) {

37
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/ImageFormat.java
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpaces;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Image;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.*;
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;
import java.util.zip.CheckedOutputStream;
import java.util.zip.DeflaterOutputStream;
import java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream;
public enum ImageFormat {
PPM {
@ -23,16 +24,15 @@ public enum ImageFormat {
writer.write(String.valueOf(image.getHeight()));
writer.write("\n255\n");
for (int y = 0; y < image.getHeight(); y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < image.getWidth(); x++) {
var color = image.getRGB(x, y, ColorSpaces.sRGB);
writer.write(String.valueOf(color.red()));
writer.write(" ");
writer.write(String.valueOf(color.green()));
writer.write(" ");
writer.write(String.valueOf(color.blue()));
writer.write("\n");
}
var it = image.pixels().iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
var color = it.next();
writer.write(String.valueOf(color.red()));
writer.write(" ");
writer.write(String.valueOf(color.green()));
writer.write(" ");
writer.write(String.valueOf(color.blue()));
writer.write("\n");
}
}
}
@ -84,14 +84,13 @@ public enum ImageFormat {
idat.writeInt(IDAT_TYPE);
try (var deflate = new DataOutputStream(new DeflaterOutputStream(idat))) {
for (int y = 0; y < image.getHeight(); y++) {
deflate.writeByte(0); // filter type
for (int x = 0; x < image.getWidth(); x++) {
var pixel = image.getRGB(x, y, ColorSpaces.sRGB);
deflate.writeByte(pixel.red());
deflate.writeByte(pixel.green());
deflate.writeByte(pixel.blue());
}
var pixels = image.pixels().iterator();
for (int i = 0; pixels.hasNext(); i = (i + 1) % image.getWidth()) {
if (i == 0) deflate.writeByte(0); // filter type
var pixel = pixels.next();
deflate.writeByte(pixel.red());
deflate.writeByte(pixel.green());
deflate.writeByte(pixel.blue());
}
}

3
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/camera/SimpleCamera.java
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@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.camera;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ public final class SimpleCamera implements Camera {
var origin = getRayOrigin(random);
var target = getRayTarget(x, y, i, j, n, random);
return new Ray(origin, target.minus(origin), SampledWavelengths.uniform(random.nextDouble()));
return new Ray(origin, target.minus(origin));
}
/**

39
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/Canvas.java
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@ -1,37 +1,22 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public interface Canvas {
/**
* {@return the width of this canvas}
*/
int getWidth();
/**
* {@return the height of this canvas}
*/
int getHeight();
/**
* Adds a sample to this canvas
* @param x the pixel x coordinate
* @param y the pixel y coordinate
* @param n the index of the sample
* @param spectrum the sampled spectrum
* @param lambda the sampled wavelengths
*/
void add(int x, int y, int n, @NotNull SampledSpectrum spectrum, @NotNull SampledWavelengths lambda);
void set(int x, int y, @NotNull Color color);
@NotNull Color get(int x, int y);
/**
* {@return the color at a given pixel}
* @param x the pixel x coordinate
* @param y the pixel y coordinate
* @param cs the color space of the output
*/
@NotNull ColorRGB getRGB(int x, int y, @NotNull ColorSpace cs);
default @NotNull Stream<Color> pixels() {
return IntStream.range(0, getHeight())
.mapToObj(y -> IntStream.range(0, getWidth()).mapToObj(x -> get(x, y)))
.flatMap(Function.identity());
}
}

58
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/Image.java
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@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Objects;
public final class Image implements Canvas {
private final int width;
private final int height;
private final Color[][] data;
public Image(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
if (width <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width must be positive");
if (height <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height must be positive");
this.data = new Color[height][width];
}
public Image(@NotNull BufferedImage image) {
this(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
this.data[y][x] = new Color(image.getRGB(x, y));
}
}
}
@Override
public int getWidth() {
return width;
}
@Override
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
@Override
public @NotNull Color get(int x, int y) {
Objects.checkIndex(x, width);
Objects.checkIndex(y, height);
return Objects.requireNonNullElse(this.data[y][x], Color.BLACK);
}
@Override
public void set(int x, int y, @NotNull Color color) {
Objects.checkIndex(x, width);
Objects.checkIndex(y, height);
this.data[y][x] = Objects.requireNonNull(color);
}
}

18
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/LiveCanvas.java
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@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import javax.swing.*;
@ -15,12 +12,10 @@ import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
public final class LiveCanvas implements Canvas {
private final @NotNull Canvas delegate;
private final @NotNull BufferedImage image;
private final @NotNull ColorSpace cs;
public LiveCanvas(@NotNull Canvas delegate, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
public LiveCanvas(@NotNull Canvas delegate) {
this.delegate = delegate;
this.image = new BufferedImage(delegate.getWidth(), delegate.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
this.cs = cs;
}
@Override
@ -34,16 +29,15 @@ public final class LiveCanvas implements Canvas {
}
@Override
public void add(int x, int y, int n, @NotNull SampledSpectrum spectrum, @NotNull SampledWavelengths lambda) {
delegate.add(x, y, n, spectrum, lambda);
var color = ColorRGB.gamma(delegate.getRGB(x, y, cs));
public void set(int x, int y, @NotNull Color color) {
delegate.set(x, y, color);
var rgb = color.red() << 16 | color.green() << 8 | color.blue();
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB getRGB(int x, int y, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
return delegate.getRGB(x, y, cs);
public @NotNull Color get(int x, int y) {
return delegate.get(x, y);
}
public @NotNull Thread preview() {

76
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/RGBCanvas.java
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@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Objects;
public final class RGBCanvas implements Canvas {
private final int width;
private final int height;
private final @NotNull ColorSpace cs;
private final @NotNull ColorRGB[][] data;
public RGBCanvas(int width, int height, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.cs = Objects.requireNonNull(cs);
if (width <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width must be positive");
if (height <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height must be positive");
this.data = new ColorRGB[height][width];
}
public RGBCanvas(@NotNull BufferedImage image, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), cs);
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
this.data[y][x] = new ColorRGB(image.getRGB(x, y));
}
}
}
@Override
public int getWidth() {
return width;
}
@Override
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
@Override
public void add(int x, int y, int n, @NotNull SampledSpectrum spectrum, @NotNull SampledWavelengths lambda) {
assert x < width;
assert y < height;
var rgb = spectrum.toRGB(lambda, cs);
data[y][x] = ColorRGB.average(data[y][x], rgb, n);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB getRGB(int x, int y, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
if (cs == this.cs) return get(x, y);
return cs.toRGB(this.cs.toXYZ(get(x, y)));
}
public @NotNull ColorRGB get(int x, int y) {
assert x < width;
assert y < height;
return Objects.requireNonNullElse(data[y][x], ColorRGB.BLACK);
}
public void set(int x, int y, @NotNull ColorRGB color) {
assert x < width;
assert y < height;
data[y][x] = Objects.requireNonNull(color);
}
}

74
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/XYZCanvas.java
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@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorXYZ;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Objects;
public final class XYZCanvas implements Canvas {
private final int width;
private final int height;
private final @NotNull ColorXYZ[][] data;
public XYZCanvas(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
if (width <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width must be positive");
if (height <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height must be positive");
this.data = new ColorXYZ[height][width];
}
public XYZCanvas(@NotNull BufferedImage image, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
data[y][x] = cs.toXYZ(new ColorRGB(image.getRGB(x, y)));
}
}
}
@Override
public int getWidth() {
return width;
}
@Override
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
@Override
public void add(int x, int y, int n, @NotNull SampledSpectrum spectrum, @NotNull SampledWavelengths lambda) {
assert x < width;
assert y < height;
var xyz = spectrum.toXYZ(lambda);
data[y][x] = ColorXYZ.average(get(x, y), xyz, n);
}
public @NotNull ColorXYZ get(int x, int y) {
assert x < width;
assert y < height;
return Objects.requireNonNullElse(data[y][x], ColorXYZ.BLACK);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB getRGB(int x, int y, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
return cs.toRGB(get(x, y));
}
public void set(int x, int y, @NotNull ColorXYZ color) {
assert x < width;
assert y < height;
data[y][x] = Objects.requireNonNull(color);
}
}

15
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/DielectricMaterial.java
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@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectra;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -16,22 +13,18 @@ import java.util.random.RandomGenerator;
public record DielectricMaterial(double refractionIndex, @NotNull Texture texture) implements Material {
public DielectricMaterial(double refractionIndex) {
this(refractionIndex, Spectra.WHITE);
this(refractionIndex, Color.WHITE);
}
public DielectricMaterial {
Objects.requireNonNull(texture, "texture");
}
public DielectricMaterial(double refractionIndex, @NotNull ColorRGB color, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(refractionIndex, new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, color));
}
@Override
public @NotNull Optional<ScatterResult> scatter(@NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull HitResult hit, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
var ri = hit.isFrontFace() ? (1 / refractionIndex) : refractionIndex;
var cosTheta = Math.min(- ray.direction().unit().dot(hit.normal()), 1.0);
var cosTheta = Math.min(- ray.direction().unit().times(hit.normal()), 1.0);
var reflectance = reflectance(cosTheta);
var reflect = reflectance > random.nextDouble();
@ -39,7 +32,7 @@ public record DielectricMaterial(double refractionIndex, @NotNull Texture textur
.orElseGet(() -> Vec3.reflect(ray.direction(), hit.normal()));
var attenuation = texture.get(hit);
return Optional.of(new SpecularScatterResult(attenuation, new Ray(hit.position(), newDirection, ray.lambda())));
return Optional.of(new SpecularScatterResult(attenuation, new Ray(hit.position(), newDirection)));
}
private double reflectance(double cos) {

16
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/DiffuseLight.java
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@ -1,34 +1,22 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBIlluminantSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.random.RandomGenerator;
public record DiffuseLight(@NotNull Texture texture) implements Material {
public DiffuseLight {
Objects.requireNonNull(texture, "texture");
}
public DiffuseLight(@NotNull ColorRGB color, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(new RGBIlluminantSpectrum(cs, color));
}
@Override
public @NotNull Optional<ScatterResult> scatter(@NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull HitResult hit, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
return Optional.empty();
}
@Override
public @NotNull Spectrum emitted(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
public @NotNull Color emitted(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
return texture.get(hit);
}
}

9
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/DirectionalMaterial.java
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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectra;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -41,11 +40,11 @@ public final class DirectionalMaterial implements Material {
if (back != null) return back.scatter(ray, hit, random);
}
// let the ray pass through without obstruction
return Optional.of(new SpecularScatterResult(Spectra.WHITE, new Ray(ray.at(hit.t()), ray.direction(), ray.lambda())));
return Optional.of(new SpecularScatterResult(Color.WHITE, new Ray(ray.at(hit.t()), ray.direction())));
}
@Override
public @NotNull Spectrum emitted(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
public @NotNull Color emitted(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
if (hit.isFrontFace()) {
if (front != null) return front.emitted(hit);
} else {
@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ public final class DirectionalMaterial implements Material {
private record DirectionalTexture(@Nullable Texture front, @Nullable Texture back) implements Texture {
@Override
public @NotNull Spectrum get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
public @NotNull Color get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

16
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/IsotropicMaterial.java
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@ -2,27 +2,15 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer.pdf.SphereProbabilityDensityFunction;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.random.RandomGenerator;
public record IsotropicMaterial(@NotNull Spectrum albedo) implements Material {
public IsotropicMaterial {
Objects.requireNonNull(albedo, "albedo");
}
public IsotropicMaterial(@NotNull ColorRGB color, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, color));
}
public record IsotropicMaterial(@NotNull Color albedo) implements Material {
@Override
public @NotNull Optional<ScatterResult> scatter(@NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull HitResult hit, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
return Optional.of(new PdfScatterResult(albedo(), new SphereProbabilityDensityFunction()));

7
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/LambertianMaterial.java
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@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer.pdf.CosineProbabilityDensityFunction;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -18,10 +15,6 @@ public record LambertianMaterial(@NotNull Texture texture) implements Material {
Objects.requireNonNull(texture, "texture");
}
public LambertianMaterial(@NotNull ColorRGB color, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, color));
}
@Override
public @NotNull Optional<ScatterResult> scatter(@NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull HitResult hit, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
var attenuation = texture.get(hit);

14
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/Material.java
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@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer.pdf.ProbabilityDensityFunction;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectra;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -32,10 +30,10 @@ public interface Material {
/**
* {@return the color emitted for a given hit}
* @implSpec the default implementation returns {@linkplain ColorRGB#BLACK black}, i.e. no emission
* @implSpec the default implementation returns {@linkplain Color#BLACK black}, i.e. no emission
*/
default @NotNull Spectrum emitted(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
return Spectra.BLACK;
default @NotNull Color emitted(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
return Color.BLACK;
}
/**
@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ public interface Material {
* @param attenuation the attenuation of the scattered light ray
* @param ray the scattered light ray
*/
record SpecularScatterResult(@NotNull Spectrum attenuation, @NotNull Ray ray) implements ScatterResult {
record SpecularScatterResult(@NotNull Color attenuation, @NotNull Ray ray) implements ScatterResult {
public SpecularScatterResult {
Objects.requireNonNull(attenuation, "attenuation");
Objects.requireNonNull(ray, "ray");
@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ public interface Material {
* @param attenuation the attenuation of the scattered light ray
* @param pdf the probability density function
*/
record PdfScatterResult(@NotNull Spectrum attenuation, @NotNull ProbabilityDensityFunction pdf) implements ScatterResult {
record PdfScatterResult(@NotNull Color attenuation, @NotNull ProbabilityDensityFunction pdf) implements ScatterResult {
public PdfScatterResult {
Objects.requireNonNull(attenuation, "attenuation");
Objects.requireNonNull(pdf, "pdf");

13
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/material/MetallicMaterial.java
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@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -19,14 +16,6 @@ public record MetallicMaterial(@NotNull Texture texture, double fuzz) implements
this(texture, 0);
}
public MetallicMaterial(@NotNull ColorRGB color, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(color, cs, 0);
}
public MetallicMaterial(@NotNull ColorRGB color, @NotNull ColorSpace cs, double fuzz) {
this(new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, color), fuzz);
}
public MetallicMaterial {
Objects.requireNonNull(texture, "texture");
if (fuzz < 0 || !Double.isFinite(fuzz)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("fuzz must be non-negative");
@ -39,6 +28,6 @@ public record MetallicMaterial(@NotNull Texture texture, double fuzz) implements
newDirection = Vec3.fma(fuzz, Vec3.random(random), newDirection.unit());
}
var attenuation = texture.get(hit);
return Optional.of(new SpecularScatterResult(attenuation, new Ray(hit.position(), newDirection, ray.lambda())));
return Optional.of(new SpecularScatterResult(attenuation, new Ray(hit.position(), newDirection)));
}
}

6
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/renderer/Renderer.java
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@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.camera.Camera;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.XYZCanvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Image;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.Scene;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
public interface Renderer {
default @NotNull Canvas render(@NotNull Camera camera, @NotNull Scene scene) {
var image = new XYZCanvas(camera.getWidth(), camera.getHeight());
default @NotNull Image render(@NotNull Camera camera, @NotNull Scene scene) {
var image = new Image(camera.getWidth(), camera.getHeight());
render(camera, scene, image);
return image;
}

46
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/renderer/SimpleRenderer.java
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@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Range;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material.Material;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer.pdf.TargetingProbabilityDensityFunction;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.renderer.pdf.MixtureProbabilityDensityFunction;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.camera.Camera;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.Scene;
@ -76,11 +77,18 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
for (int x = 0; x < camera.getWidth(); x++) {
var ray = camera.cast(x, y, sif, sjf, sqrtSamplesPerPixel, random);
var c = getColor(scene, ray, random);
canvas.add(x, y, sample, c, ray.lambda());
canvas.set(x, y, Color.average(canvas.get(x, y), c, sample));
}
});
}
}
// apply gamma correction
getScanlineStream(camera.getHeight(), parallel).forEach(y -> {
for (int x = 0; x < camera.getWidth(); x++) {
canvas.set(x, y, Color.gamma(canvas.get(x, y), gamma));
}
});
}
/**
@ -93,6 +101,7 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
getScanlineStream(camera.getHeight(), parallel).forEach(y -> {
var random = splittable.split();
for (int x = 0; x < camera.getWidth(); x++) {
var color = Color.BLACK;
int i = 0;
for (int sj = 0; sj < sqrtSamplesPerPixel; sj++) {
for (int si = 0; si < sqrtSamplesPerPixel; si++) {
@ -101,9 +110,10 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
System.out.println("Casting ray " + ray + " through pixel (" + x + "," + y + ") at subpixel (" + si + "," + sj + ")...");
}
var c = getColor(scene, ray, random);
canvas.add(x, y, ++i, c, ray.lambda());
color = Color.average(color, c, ++i);
}
}
canvas.set(x, y, Color.gamma(color, gamma));
}
});
}
@ -111,19 +121,19 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
/**
* {@return the color of the given ray in the given scene}
*/
private @NotNull SampledSpectrum getColor(@NotNull Scene scene, @NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
private @NotNull Color getColor(@NotNull Scene scene, @NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
return getColor0(scene, ray, maxDepth, random);
}
private @NotNull SampledSpectrum getColor0(@NotNull Scene scene, @NotNull Ray ray, int depth, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
var color = SampledSpectrum.BLACK;
var attenuation = SampledSpectrum.WHITE;
private @NotNull Color getColor0(@NotNull Scene scene, @NotNull Ray ray, int depth, @NotNull RandomGenerator random) {
var color = Color.BLACK;
var attenuation = Color.WHITE;
while (depth-- > 0) {
var optional = scene.hit(ray);
if (optional.isEmpty()) {
var background = scene.getBackgroundColor(ray);
color = SampledSpectrum.fma(attenuation, background, color);
color = Color.add(color, Color.multiply(attenuation, background));
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println(" Hit background: " + background);
}
@ -135,13 +145,13 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
System.out.println(" Hit " + hit.target() + " at t=" + hit.t() + " (" + hit.position() + ")");
}
var material = hit.material();
var emitted = material.emitted(hit).sample(ray.lambda());
if (DEBUG && !SampledSpectrum.BLACK.equals(emitted)) {
var emitted = material.emitted(hit);
if (DEBUG && !Color.BLACK.equals(emitted)) {
System.out.println(" Emitted: " + emitted);
}
var result = material.scatter(ray, hit, random);
color = SampledSpectrum.fma(attenuation, emitted, color);
color = Color.add(color, Color.multiply(attenuation, emitted));
if (result.isEmpty()) {
if (DEBUG) {
@ -152,7 +162,7 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
switch (result.get()) {
case Material.SpecularScatterResult(var a, var scattered) -> {
attenuation = attenuation.times(a.sample(ray.lambda()));
attenuation = Color.multiply(attenuation, a);
ray = scattered;
if (DEBUG) {
@ -161,8 +171,8 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
}
case Material.PdfScatterResult(var a, var pdf) -> {
if (scene.getTargets() == null) {
attenuation = attenuation.times(a.sample(ray.lambda()));
ray = new Ray(hit.position(), pdf.generate(random), ray.lambda());
attenuation = Color.multiply(attenuation, a);
ray = new Ray(hit.position(), pdf.generate(random));
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println(" Pdf scattering with albedo " + a);
@ -175,10 +185,10 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
var actualPdf = mixed.value(direction);
if (actualPdf == 0) break; // when actualPdf is 0, the ray should have never been generated by mixed.generate
var factor = idealPdf / actualPdf;
var factor = idealPdf / actualPdf;
attenuation = attenuation.times(a.sample(ray.lambda()).times(factor));
ray = new Ray(hit.position(), direction, ray.lambda());
attenuation = Color.multiply(attenuation, Color.multiply(a, factor));
ray = new Ray(hit.position(), direction);
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println(" Pdf scattering with albedo " + a + " and factor " + factor);
@ -206,7 +216,7 @@ public final class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {
* are encoded in the longs lower and upper 32 bits respectively.
*/
private static @NotNull IntStream getScanlineStream(int height, boolean parallel) {
var stream = IntStream.range(0, height).map(i -> height - i - 1);
var stream = IntStream.range(0, height);
return parallel ? stream.parallel() : stream;
}

2
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/renderer/pdf/CosineProbabilityDensityFunction.java
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public record CosineProbabilityDensityFunction(@NotNull Vec3 normal) implements
@Override
public double value(@NotNull Vec3 direction) {
var cos = normal.dot(direction);
var cos = normal.times(direction);
return Math.max(0, cos / Math.PI);
}

108
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/SampledSpectrum.java
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@ -1,28 +1,19 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.IVec;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorXYZ;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Arrays;
public final class SampledSpectrum {
private final double @NotNull[] values;
// TODO use Vector API to parallelize operations
public final class SampledSpectrum implements IVec<SampledSpectrum> {
public static final SampledSpectrum BLACK;
public static final SampledSpectrum WHITE;
static {
BLACK = new SampledSpectrum(new double[SampledWavelengths.SAMPLES]);
var one = new double[SampledWavelengths.SAMPLES];
Arrays.fill(one, 1);
WHITE = new SampledSpectrum(one);
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println();
}
private final double @NotNull[] values;
public SampledSpectrum(@NotNull SampledWavelengths lambdas, @NotNull Spectrum spectrum) {
var values = new double[lambdas.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
@ -35,74 +26,30 @@ public final class SampledSpectrum implements IVec<SampledSpectrum> {
this.values = values;
}
/*
* Math
*/
public static @NotNull SampledSpectrum fma(@NotNull SampledSpectrum a, @NotNull SampledSpectrum b, @NotNull SampledSpectrum c) {
public static @NotNull SampledSpectrum multiply(@NotNull SampledSpectrum a, @NotNull SampledSpectrum b) {
var out = new double[a.values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < a.values.length; i++) {
out[i] = Math.fma(a.values[i], b.values[i], c.values[i]);
out[i] = a.values[i] * b.values[i];
}
return new SampledSpectrum(out);
}
public static @NotNull SampledSpectrum lerp(@NotNull SampledSpectrum a, @NotNull SampledSpectrum b, double t) {
if (t < 0) return a;
if (t > 1) return b;
public static @NotNull SampledSpectrum multiply(@NotNull SampledSpectrum a, double b) {
var out = new double[a.values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < a.values.length; i++) {
out[i] = Math.fma(t, b.values[i] - a.values[i], a.values[i]);
}
return new SampledSpectrum(out);
}
@Override
public @NotNull SampledSpectrum plus(@NotNull SampledSpectrum other) {
var out = new double[other.values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < other.values.length; i++) {
out[i] = values[i] + other.values[i];
}
return new SampledSpectrum(out);
}
@Override
public @NotNull SampledSpectrum minus(@NotNull SampledSpectrum other) {
var out = new double[other.values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < other.values.length; i++) {
out[i] = values[i] - other.values[i];
}
return new SampledSpectrum(out);
}
@Override
public @NotNull SampledSpectrum times(@NotNull SampledSpectrum other) {
var out = new double[other.values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < other.values.length; i++) {
out[i] = values[i] * other.values[i];
out[i] = a.values[i] * b;
}
return new SampledSpectrum(out);
}
@Override
public @NotNull SampledSpectrum times(double d) {
var out = new double[values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
out[i] = values[i] * d;
public static @NotNull SampledSpectrum add(@NotNull SampledSpectrum a, @NotNull SampledSpectrum b) {
var out = new double[a.values.length];
for (int i = 0; i < a.values.length; i++) {
out[i] = a.values[i] + b.values[i];
}
return new SampledSpectrum(out);
}
@Override
public double @NotNull [] toArray() {
return Arrays.copyOf(values, values.length);
}
/*
* Accessors
*/
@Override
public double get(int index) {
return values[index];
}
@ -111,34 +58,19 @@ public final class SampledSpectrum implements IVec<SampledSpectrum> {
return values.length;
}
/*
* Object
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return obj instanceof SampledSpectrum o && Arrays.equals(values, o.values);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Arrays.hashCode(values);
}
@Override
public @NotNull String toString() {
return "SampledSpectrum[values=" + Arrays.toString(values) + "]";
public double average() {
double avg = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
avg = Math.fma(1d / (i + 1), values[i] - avg, avg);
}
return avg;
}
/*
* Conversions
*/
public @NotNull ColorXYZ toXYZ(@NotNull SampledWavelengths lambdas) {
return lambdas.toXYZ(this);
}
public @NotNull ColorRGB toRGB(@NotNull SampledWavelengths lambdas, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
public @NotNull Color toRGB(@NotNull SampledWavelengths lambdas, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
return cs.toRGB(toXYZ(lambdas));
}
}

44
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/SampledWavelengths.java
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@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
* A set of sampled wavelength that can be tracked together.
*/
public final class SampledWavelengths {
public static final int SAMPLES = 4;
public static final SampledWavelengths EMPTY = new SampledWavelengths(new double[0], new double[0]);
private final double @NotNull[] lambdas;
private final double @NotNull[] pdf;
@ -22,21 +19,21 @@ public final class SampledWavelengths {
}
public static @NotNull SampledWavelengths uniform(double rng, double min, double max) {
var lambdas = new double[SAMPLES];
var lambdas = new double[Spectrum.SAMPLES];
// choose first sample at random
lambdas[0] = (1 - rng) * min + rng * max;
// choose next samples in equal intervals, wrapping if necessary
var delta = (max - min) / SAMPLES;
for (int i = 1; i < SAMPLES; i++) {
var delta = (max - min) / Spectrum.SAMPLES;
for (int i = 1; i < Spectrum.SAMPLES; i++) {
lambdas[i] = lambdas[i - 1] + delta;
if (lambdas[i] > max) {
lambdas[i] = min + (lambdas[i] - max);
}
}
var pdf = new double[SAMPLES];
var pdf = new double[Spectrum.SAMPLES];
Arrays.fill(pdf, 1 / (max - min));
return new SampledWavelengths(lambdas, pdf);
}
@ -58,37 +55,12 @@ public final class SampledWavelengths {
* Terminates the secondary wavelengths. This method should be called after a wavelength-dependent operation like
* refraction that makes it incorrect to track multiple wavelengths together.
*/
public @NotNull SampledWavelengths collapse() {
if (pdf.length < 2 || pdf[1] == 0) return this;
var newPdf = Arrays.copyOf(pdf, pdf.length);
Arrays.fill(newPdf, 1, newPdf.length, 0d);
newPdf[0] /= newPdf.length;
return new SampledWavelengths(lambdas, newPdf);
}
/*
* Object
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return obj instanceof SampledWavelengths o && Arrays.equals(lambdas, o.lambdas) && Arrays.equals(pdf, o.pdf);
public void terminateSecondary() {
if (pdf.length < 2 || pdf[1] == 0) return;
Arrays.fill(pdf, 1, pdf.length, 0d);
pdf[0] /= pdf.length;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return 31 * Arrays.hashCode(lambdas) + Arrays.hashCode(pdf);
}
@Override
public @NotNull String toString() {
return "SampledWavelengths[lambdas=" + Arrays.toString(lambdas) + ", pdf=" + Arrays.toString(pdf) + "]";
}
/*
* Conversions
*/
@NotNull
ColorXYZ toXYZ(@NotNull SampledSpectrum spectrum) {
var x = Spectra.X.sample(this);

5
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/Chromaticity.java
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@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
/**
* A pair of chromaticity coordinates in the xyY color space
* @param x the x coordinate
* @param y the y coordinate
*/
public record Chromaticity(double x, double y) {
}

153
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/ColorRGB.java
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@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.IVec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Random;
import static eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.Main.DEBUG;
public record ColorRGB(double r, double g, double b) implements IVec3<ColorRGB> {
public static final @NotNull ColorRGB BLACK = new ColorRGB(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
public static final @NotNull ColorRGB WHITE = new ColorRGB(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
public static @NotNull ColorRGB random(@NotNull Random random) {
return new ColorRGB(random.nextDouble(), random.nextDouble(), random.nextDouble());
}
public static @NotNull ColorRGB random(@NotNull Random random, double min, double max) {
var span = max - min;
return new ColorRGB(
Math.fma(random.nextDouble(), span, min),
Math.fma(random.nextDouble(), span, min),
Math.fma(random.nextDouble(), span, min)
);
}
public ColorRGB(int rgb) {
this((rgb >> 16) & 0xFF, (rgb >> 8) & 0xFF, rgb & 0xFF);
}
public ColorRGB(int red, int green, int blue) {
this(red / 255f, green / 255f, blue / 255f);
}
public ColorRGB {
if (DEBUG && (!Double.isFinite(r) || !Double.isFinite(g) || !Double.isFinite(b))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("r, g and b must be finite");
}
}
/*
* Math
*/
public static @NotNull ColorRGB average(@NotNull ColorRGB current, @NotNull ColorRGB next, int index) {
return lerp(current, next, 1d / index);
}
public static @NotNull ColorRGB lerp(@NotNull ColorRGB a, @NotNull ColorRGB b, double t) {
if (t < 0) return a;
if (t > 1) return b;
return new ColorRGB(
Math.fma(t, b.r - a.r, a.r),
Math.fma(t, b.g - a.g, a.g),
Math.fma(t, b.b - a.b, a.b)
);
}
public static @NotNull ColorRGB fma(@NotNull ColorRGB a, @NotNull ColorRGB b, @NotNull ColorRGB c) {
return new ColorRGB(
Math.fma(a.r, b.r, c.r),
Math.fma(a.g, b.g, c.g),
Math.fma(a.b, b.b, c.b)
);
}
public static @NotNull ColorRGB gamma(@NotNull ColorRGB color) {
return new ColorRGB(gamma(color.r), gamma(color.g), gamma(color.b));
}
public static @NotNull ColorRGB inverseGamma(@NotNull ColorRGB color) {
return new ColorRGB(inverseGamma(color.r), inverseGamma(color.g), inverseGamma(color.b));
}
private static double gamma(double value) {
if (value <= 0.0031308) return 12.92 * value;
return 1.055 * Math.pow(value, 1. / 2.4) - 0.055;
}
private static double inverseGamma(double value) {
if (value <= 0.04045) return value / 12.92;
return Math.pow((value + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4d);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB plus(@NotNull ColorRGB other) {
return new ColorRGB(r + other.r, g + other.g, b + other.b);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB minus(@NotNull ColorRGB other) {
return new ColorRGB(r - other.r, g - other.g, b - other.b);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB times(double d) {
return new ColorRGB(r * d, g * d, b * d);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorRGB times(@NotNull ColorRGB other) {
return new ColorRGB(r * other.r, g * other.g, b * other.b);
}
/*
* Vec3
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 toVec3() {
return new Vec3(r, g, b);
}
public static @NotNull ColorRGB fromVec3(@NotNull Vec3 vec) {
return new ColorRGB(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
}
/*
* Accessors
*/
public int red() {
return toInt(r);
}
public int green() {
return toInt(g);
}
public int blue() {
return toInt(b);
}
private static int toInt(double value) {
return Math.clamp((int) (255.99 * value), 0, 255);
}
@Override
public double component1() {
return r;
}
@Override
public double component2() {
return g;
}
@Override
public double component3() {
return b;
}
}

53
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/ColorSpace.java
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@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Matrix3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.DenselySampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
@ -18,11 +19,6 @@ public final class ColorSpace {
private final @NotNull Chromaticity w;
private final @NotNull DenselySampledSpectrum illuminant;
private final @NotNull ColorXYZ R;
private final @NotNull ColorXYZ G;
private final @NotNull ColorXYZ B;
private final @NotNull ColorXYZ W;
private final @NotNull Matrix3 XYZfromRGB;
private final @NotNull Matrix3 RGBfromXYZ;
private final @NotNull SpectrumTable RGBtoSpectrumTable;
@ -32,17 +28,17 @@ public final class ColorSpace {
@NotNull Spectrum illuminant, @NotNull SpectrumTable table
) {
this.r = Objects.requireNonNull(r, "r");
this.g = Objects.requireNonNull(g, "g");
this.b = Objects.requireNonNull(b, "b");
this.g = Objects.requireNonNull(r, "g");
this.b = Objects.requireNonNull(r, "b");
this.illuminant = new DenselySampledSpectrum(illuminant);
this.RGBtoSpectrumTable = table;
this.W = illuminant.toXYZ();
var W = illuminant.toXYZ();
this.w = W.xy();
this.R = new ColorXYZ(r);
this.G = new ColorXYZ(g);
this.B = new ColorXYZ(b);
var R = new ColorXYZ(r);
var G = new ColorXYZ(g);
var B = new ColorXYZ(b);
var rgb = new Matrix3(
R.x(), G.x(), B.x(),
R.y(), G.y(), B.y(),
@ -54,39 +50,18 @@ public final class ColorSpace {
this.RGBfromXYZ = XYZfromRGB.invert();
}
public @NotNull ColorRGB toRGB(@NotNull ColorXYZ xyz) {
public @NotNull Color toRGB(@NotNull ColorXYZ xyz) {
var out = RGBfromXYZ.times(xyz.toVec3());
return new ColorRGB(out.x(), out.y(), out.z());
return new Color(out.x(), out.y(), out.z());
}
public @NotNull ColorXYZ toXYZ(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
public @NotNull ColorXYZ toXYZ(@NotNull Color rgb) {
var out = XYZfromRGB.times(rgb.toVec3());
return ColorXYZ.fromVec3(out);
}
public @NotNull Vec3 toCIELab(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
return toCIELab(toXYZ(rgb));
}
public @NotNull Vec3 toCIELab(@NotNull ColorXYZ xyz) {
return new Vec3(
116 * cieLabCbrt(xyz.y() / W.y()) - 16,
500 * (cieLabCbrt(xyz.x() / W.x()) - cieLabCbrt(xyz.y() / W.y())),
200 * (cieLabCbrt(xyz.y() / W.y()) - cieLabCbrt(xyz.z() / W.z()))
);
}
private static double cieLabCbrt(double x) {
var delta = 6.0 / 29.0;
if (x > delta * delta * delta) {
return Math.cbrt(x);
} else {
return x / (delta * delta * 3.0) + (4.0 / 29.0);
}
return new ColorXYZ(out);
}
public @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial toSpectrum(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
return RGBtoSpectrumTable.get(new ColorRGB(
public @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial toSpectrum(@NotNull Color rgb) {
return RGBtoSpectrumTable.get(new Color(
Math.max(0, rgb.r()),
Math.max(0, rgb.g()),
Math.max(0, rgb.b())

21
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/ColorSpaces.java
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@ -3,41 +3,26 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectra;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.util.Objects;
public final class ColorSpaces {
// Rec. ITU-R BT.709.3
public static final @NotNull ColorSpace sRGB = new ColorSpace(
new Chromaticity(0.6400, 0.3300),
new Chromaticity(0.3000, 0.6000),
new Chromaticity(0.1500, 0.0600),
Spectra.D65, read("sRGB_spectrum.bin")
Spectra.D65, null
);
// P3-D65 (display)
public static final @NotNull ColorSpace DCI_P3 = new ColorSpace(
new Chromaticity(0.680, 0.320),
new Chromaticity(0.265, 0.690),
new Chromaticity(0.150, 0.060),
Spectra.D65, read("DCI_P3_spectrum.bin")
Spectra.D65, null
);
// ITU-R Rec BT.2020
public static final @NotNull ColorSpace Rec2020 = new ColorSpace(
new Chromaticity(0.708, 0.292),
new Chromaticity(0.170, 0.797),
new Chromaticity(0.131, 0.046),
Spectra.D65, read("Rec2020_spectrum.bin")
Spectra.D65, null
);
private static @NotNull SpectrumTable read(@NotNull String name) {
try (var in = ColorSpaces.class.getResourceAsStream("/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/colorspace/" + name)) {
return SpectrumTable.read(Objects.requireNonNull(in));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
}
}
private ColorSpaces() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

88
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/ColorXYZ.java
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@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.IVec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
/**
* A CIE XYZ color
*/
public record ColorXYZ(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<ColorXYZ> {
public record ColorXYZ(double x, double y, double z) {
public static final double CIE_Y_INTEGRAL = 106.85689500000002;
public static final @NotNull ColorXYZ BLACK = new ColorXYZ(0, 0, 0);
public static final @NotNull ColorXYZ WHITE = new ColorXYZ(0, 1, 0);
public ColorXYZ(@NotNull Chromaticity chromaticity) {
this(chromaticity, 1);
}
@ -25,69 +21,10 @@ public record ColorXYZ(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<ColorXYZ>
);
}
/*
* Math
*/
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ average(@NotNull ColorXYZ a, @NotNull ColorXYZ b, int index) {
return lerp(a, b, 1d / index);
}
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ lerp(@NotNull ColorXYZ a, @NotNull ColorXYZ b, double t) {
if (t < 0) return a;
if (t > 1) return b;
return new ColorXYZ(
Math.fma(t, b.x - a.x, a.x),
Math.fma(t, b.y - a.y, a.y),
Math.fma(t, b.z - a.z, a.z)
);
}
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ fma(@NotNull ColorXYZ a, @NotNull ColorXYZ b, @NotNull ColorXYZ c) {
return new ColorXYZ(
Math.fma(a.x, b.x, c.x),
Math.fma(a.y, b.y, c.y),
Math.fma(a.z, b.z, c.z)
);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorXYZ plus(@NotNull ColorXYZ other) {
return new ColorXYZ(x + other.x, y + other.y, z + other.z);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorXYZ minus(@NotNull ColorXYZ other) {
return new ColorXYZ(x - other.x, y - other.y, z - other.z);
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorXYZ times(@NotNull ColorXYZ other) {
return new ColorXYZ(x * other.x, y * other.y, z * other.z);
public ColorXYZ(@NotNull Vec3 vec) {
this(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
}
@Override
public @NotNull ColorXYZ times(double d) {
return new ColorXYZ(x * d, y * d, z * d);
}
/*
* Vec3
*/
@Override
public @NotNull Vec3 toVec3() {
return new Vec3(x, y, z);
}
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ fromVec3(@NotNull Vec3 vec) {
return new ColorXYZ(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
}
/*
* Accessors
*/
public double average() {
return (x + y + z) / 3;
}
@ -97,18 +34,19 @@ public record ColorXYZ(double x, double y, double z) implements IVec3<ColorXYZ>
return new Chromaticity(factor * x, factor * y);
}
@Override
public double component1() {
return x;
public @NotNull Vec3 toVec3() {
return new Vec3(x, y, z);
}
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ multiply(@NotNull ColorXYZ a, @NotNull ColorXYZ b) {
return new ColorXYZ(a.x * b.x, a.y * b.y, a.z * b.z);
}
@Override
public double component2() {
return y;
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ multiply(@NotNull ColorXYZ a, double b) {
return new ColorXYZ(a.x * b, a.y * b, a.z * b);
}
@Override
public double component3() {
return z;
public static @NotNull ColorXYZ add(@NotNull ColorXYZ a, @NotNull ColorXYZ b) {
return new ColorXYZ(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y, a.z + b.z);
}
}

4
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/SigmoidPolynomial.java
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@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
public record SigmoidPolynomial(double c0, double c1, double c2) {
public double get(double x) {
var p = Math.fma(Math.fma(c0, x, c1), x, c2);
var p = Math.fma(x, Math.fma(x, c0, c1), c2);
if (!Double.isFinite(p)) return p > 0 ? 1 : 0;
return Math.fma(.5 * p, 1 / Math.sqrt(Math.fma(p, p, 1)), .5);
return .5 + x / (p * Math.sqrt(1 + p * p));
}
public double max() {

89
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/SpectrumTable.java
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
* {@code y} and {@code z} are all in the range [0, 1] which allows for better use of the samples in a fixed grid.
* The {@code z} coordinate is additionally remapped using {@link #zNodes} to improve sampling at both ends of the scale.
* <p>
* The coefficients of the sigmoid functions are stored in a flattened five-dimensional array with indices as described
* in {@link #coefficients}.
* The coefficients of the sigmoid functions are stored in a five-dimensional array with indices as described in
* {@link #coefficients}.
*/
public final class SpectrumTable {
private final int resolution;
private static final int RESOLUTION = 64;
/**
* the remapped {@code z} values
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public final class SpectrumTable {
private final double[] zNodes;
/**
* the stored coefficients as a flattened five-dimensional array with the following indices
* the stored coefficients, with the following indices
* <ol>
* <li>the component index of the biggest rgb component</li>
* <li>the {@code z} coordinate</li>
@ -34,58 +34,14 @@ public final class SpectrumTable {
* <li>the coefficient index</li>
* </ol>
*/
private final double[] coefficients;
private final double[][][][][] coefficients;
public static void write(@NotNull SpectrumTable table, @NotNull OutputStream out) throws IOException {
var dos = new DataOutputStream(out);
dos.writeInt(table.resolution);
for (double z : table.zNodes) {
dos.writeDouble(z);
}
for (double c : table.coefficients) {
dos.writeDouble(c);
}
dos.flush();
}
public static @NotNull SpectrumTable read(@NotNull InputStream in) throws IOException {
var dis = new DataInputStream(in);
var resolution = dis.readInt();
var nodes = new double[resolution];
for (int i = 0; i < resolution; i++) {
nodes[i] = dis.readDouble();
}
var table = new double[3 * resolution * resolution * resolution * 3];
for (int i = 0; i < table.length; i++) {
table[i] = dis.readDouble();
}
return new SpectrumTable(resolution, nodes, table);
}
SpectrumTable(int resolution, double @NotNull[] zNodes, double[] coefficients) {
this.resolution = resolution;
public SpectrumTable(double[] zNodes, double[][][][][] coefficients) {
this.zNodes = zNodes;
this.coefficients = coefficients;
// check input array lengths
if (zNodes.length != resolution) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("length of zNodes must be equal to the RESOLUTION");
}
if (coefficients.length != 3 * resolution * resolution * resolution * 3) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("coefficients length must be 3 * RESOLUTION * RESOLUTION * RESOLUTION * 3");
}
// check ascending zNodes
for (int i = 1; i < resolution; i++) {
if (zNodes[i - 1] >= zNodes[i]) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("zNodes must be in increasing order");
}
}
if (zNodes[0] != 0.0 || zNodes[zNodes.length - 1] != 1.0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("zNodes must start with 0.0 and end with 1.0");
}
}
public @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial get(@NotNull ColorRGB color) {
public @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial get(@NotNull Color color) {
// handle uniform rgb values
if (color.r() == color.g() && color.g() == color.b()) {
return new SigmoidPolynomial(0, 0, (color.r() - .5) / Math.sqrt(color.r() * (1 - color.r())));
@ -96,19 +52,16 @@ public final class SpectrumTable {
? (color.r() > color.b() ? 0 : 2)
: (color.g() > color.b() ? 1 : 2);
var z = color.get(max);
var x = color.get((max + 1) % 3) * (resolution - 1) / z;
var y = color.get((max + 2) % 3) * (resolution - 1) / z;
var z = color.component(max);
var x = color.component((max + 1) % 3) * (RESOLUTION - 1) / z;
var y = color.component((max + 2) % 3) * (RESOLUTION - 1) / z;
// compute integer indices and offsets for coefficient interpolation
int xi = Math.min((int) x, resolution - 2);
int yi = Math.min((int) y, resolution - 2);
int xi = Math.min((int) x, RESOLUTION - 2);
int yi = Math.min((int) y, RESOLUTION - 2);
int zi = Arrays.binarySearch(zNodes, z);
if (zi < 0) {
zi = -zi - 2;
} else if (zi > 0) {
zi = zi - 1;
}
if (zi < 0) zi = -zi - 1;
zi++;
var dx = x - xi;
var dy = y -yi;
@ -119,12 +72,12 @@ public final class SpectrumTable {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
c[i] = lerp(dz,
lerp(dy,
lerp(dx, get(max, zi + 0, yi + 0, xi + 0, i), get(max, zi + 0, yi + 0, xi + 1, i)),
lerp(dx, get(max, zi + 0, yi + 1, xi + 0, i), get(max, zi + 0, yi + 1, xi + 1, i))
lerp(dx, coefficients[max][zi + 0][yi + 0][xi + 0][i], coefficients[max][zi + 0][yi + 0][xi + 1][i]),
lerp(dx, coefficients[max][zi + 0][yi + 1][xi + 0][i], coefficients[max][zi + 0][yi + 1][xi + 1][i])
),
lerp(dy,
lerp(dx, get(max, zi + 1, yi + 0, xi + 0, i), get(max, zi + 1, yi + 0, xi + 1, i)),
lerp(dx, get(max, zi + 1, yi + 1, xi + 0, i), get(max, zi + 1, yi + 1, xi + 1, i))
lerp(dx, coefficients[max][zi + 1][yi + 0][xi + 0][i], coefficients[max][zi + 1][yi + 0][xi + 1][i]),
lerp(dx, coefficients[max][zi + 1][yi + 1][xi + 0][i], coefficients[max][zi + 1][yi + 1][xi + 1][i])
)
);
}
@ -132,10 +85,6 @@ public final class SpectrumTable {
return new SigmoidPolynomial(c[0], c[1], c[2]);
}
private double get(int l, int z, int y, int x, int i) {
return coefficients[(((l * resolution + z) * resolution + y) * resolution + x) * 3 + i];
}
private static double lerp(double t, double a, double b) {
return Math.fma(t, b, Math.fma(-t, a, a));
}

204
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/colors/SpectrumTableGenerator.java
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@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Matrix3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
/**
* Generates a lookup table for RGB to spectrum conversion.
* <p>
* The spectrum for each RGB value is a {@link SigmoidPolynomial} with coefficients such that the round trip error
* from converting the RGB value to a spectrum and back is minimized.
* <p>
* <img src="doc-files/rgb2spectrum.png">
*/
public final class SpectrumTableGenerator {
private static final double EPSILON = 1e-4;
private static final int ITERATIONS = 15;
private final int resolution = 64;
private final @NotNull ColorSpace cs;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
var generator = new SpectrumTableGenerator(ColorSpaces.DCI_P3);
var table = generator.generate();
try (var out = Files.newOutputStream(Path.of("DCI_P3_spectrum.bin"))) {
SpectrumTable.write(table, out);
}
}
public SpectrumTableGenerator(@NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this.cs = Objects.requireNonNull(cs);
}
public @NotNull SpectrumTable generate() {
var scale = new double[resolution];
for (int i = 0; i < scale.length; i++) {
var t = (double) i / (resolution - 1);
scale[i] = smoothstep(smoothstep(t));
}
var table = new double[3 * resolution * resolution * resolution * 3];
for (int l0 = 0; l0 < 3; l0++) {
var l = l0;
IntStream.range(0, resolution).parallel().forEach(i -> {
System.out.println("l = " + l + ", i = " + i);
var x = (double) i / (resolution - 1);
for (int j = 0; j < resolution; j++) {
var y = (double) j / (resolution - 1);
var start = resolution / 5;
var c = new double[3];
for (int k = start; k < resolution; k++) {
var z = scale[k];
var idx = ((((l * resolution + k) * resolution) + j) * resolution + i) * 3;
var color = getColor(l, x, y, z);
generate(color, c, table, idx);
}
Arrays.fill(c, 0);
for (int k = start; k >= 0; --k) {
var z = scale[k];
var idx = ((((l * resolution + k) * resolution) + j) * resolution + i) * 3;
var color = getColor(l, x, y, z);
generate(color, c, table, idx);
}
}
});
}
return new SpectrumTable(resolution, scale, table);
}
private void generate(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb, double @NotNull[] c, double @NotNull[] out, int offset) {
gaussNewton(rgb, c, ITERATIONS);
double c0 = 360.0, c1 = 1.0 / (830.0 - 360.0);
double A = c[0], B = c[1], C = c[2];
out[offset] = A * c1 * c1;
out[offset + 1] = B * c1 - 2 * A * c0 * c1 * c1;
out[offset + 2] = C - B * c0 * c1 + A * c0 * c0 * c1 * c1;
}
/**
* Use Gauss-Newton algorithm to calculate coefficients {@code c} of a {@link SigmoidPolynomial} such that the round
* trip error from converting the {@code rgb} value to a spectrum and back is minimized.
* @param rgb the input color
* @param c the coefficients, used as initial values and output
* @param it the number of iterations
*/
private void gaussNewton(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb, double @NotNull[] c, int it) {
var bestQuality = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
var bestCoefficients = new double[3];
for (int i = 0; i < it; ++i) {
var polynomial = new SigmoidPolynomial(c[0], c[1], c[2]);
var residual = getResidual(rgb, polynomial);
var jacobian = getJacobian(rgb, polynomial);
var delta = jacobian.decompose(1e-15).solve(residual);
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
c[j] -= delta.get(j);
}
// catch runaway
double max = Math.max(Math.max(c[0], c[1]), c[2]);
if (max > 200) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
c[j] *= 200 / max;
}
}
var quality = residual.squared();
if (quality <= 1e-6) {
return;
} else if (quality < bestQuality) {
bestQuality = quality;
System.arraycopy(c, 0, bestCoefficients, 0, 3);
}
}
System.arraycopy(bestCoefficients, 0, c, 0, 3);
}
/**
* Calculates the Jacobian matrix of the {@code polynomial}.
*/
private @NotNull Matrix3 getJacobian(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb, @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial polynomial) {
var jac = new double[3][3];
// central finite difference coefficients for first derivative with sixth-order accuracy
var factors = new double[] { -1d/60, 3d/20, -3d/4, 0, 3d/4, -3d/20, 1d/60 };
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
var derivative = Vec3.ZERO;
for (int d = - factors.length / 2, j = 0; j < factors.length; d++, j++) {
if (factors[j] == 0) continue;
var tmp = switch (i) {
case 0 -> new SigmoidPolynomial(polynomial.c0() + d * EPSILON, polynomial.c1(), polynomial.c2());
case 1 -> new SigmoidPolynomial(polynomial.c0(), polynomial.c1() + d * EPSILON, polynomial.c2());
case 2 -> new SigmoidPolynomial(polynomial.c0(), polynomial.c1(), polynomial.c2() + d * EPSILON);
default -> throw new AssertionError();
};
var r = getResidual(rgb, tmp);
derivative = Vec3.fma(factors[j], r, derivative);
}
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
jac[j][i] = derivative.get(j) / EPSILON;
}
}
return new Matrix3(
jac[0][0], jac[0][1], jac[0][2],
jac[1][0], jac[1][1], jac[1][2],
jac[2][0], jac[2][1], jac[2][2]
);
}
/**
* Calculates the difference between the RGB color and the result of converting the RGB color to a spectrum using
* the given coefficients, illuminating it with the color space's standard illuminant, and converting it back to an
* RBG color. The output is a vector in CIE Lab color space.
*/
private @NotNull Vec3 getResidual(@NotNull ColorRGB rgb, @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial polynomial) {
var out = new SigmoidPolynomialSpectrum(polynomial, cs).toXYZ();
return cs.toCIELab(rgb).minus(cs.toCIELab(out));
}
private static double smoothstep(double x) {
return x * x * (3.0 - 2.0 * x);
}
private static @NotNull ColorRGB getColor(int l, double x, double y, double z) {
var rgb = new double[3];
rgb[l] = z;
rgb[(l + 1) % 3] = x * z;
rgb[(l + 2) % 3] = y * z;
return new ColorRGB(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]);
}
private record SigmoidPolynomialSpectrum(@NotNull SigmoidPolynomial polynomial, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) implements Spectrum {
@Override
public double max() {
return polynomial.max();
}
@Override
public double get(double lambda) {
var l = (lambda - Spectrum.LAMBDA_MIN) / (Spectrum.LAMBDA_MAX - Spectrum.LAMBDA_MIN);
return polynomial.get(l) * cs.illuminant().get(lambda);
}
}
}

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/DenselySampledSpectrum.java
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@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ public final class DenselySampledSpectrum implements Spectrum {
if (max - min + 1 <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("samples must not be empty");
this.samples = new double[max - min + 1];
var maxValue = 0d;
for (int lambda = min, i = 0; lambda <= max; lambda++, i++) {
for (int lambda = min; lambda <= max; lambda++) {
var sample = spectrum.get(lambda);
if (sample > maxValue) maxValue = sample;
this.samples[i] = sample;
this.samples[lambda] = sample;
}
this.min = min;
this.max = maxValue;

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/RGBAlbedoSpectrum.java
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@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.SigmoidPolynomial;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
public final class RGBAlbedoSpectrum implements Spectrum {
private final @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial polynomial;
public RGBAlbedoSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
public RGBAlbedoSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull Color rgb) {
if (rgb.r() < 0 || rgb.r() > 1 || rgb.g() < 0 || rgb.g() > 1 || rgb.b() < 0 || rgb.b() > 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/RGBIlluminantSpectrum.java
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@ -2,25 +2,21 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.SigmoidPolynomial;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
/**
* A spectrum based on an RGB color used as an illuminant. The spectrum is adjusted to account for the color space's
* standard illuminant.
*/
public final class RGBIlluminantSpectrum implements Spectrum {
private final double scale;
private final @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial polynomial;
private final @NotNull Spectrum illuminant;
private final @NotNull DenselySampledSpectrum illuminant;
public RGBIlluminantSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
public RGBIlluminantSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull Color rgb) {
if (rgb.r() < 0 || rgb.g() < 0 || rgb.b() < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
var max = Math.max(rgb.r(), Math.max(rgb.g(), rgb.b()));
this.scale = 2 * max;
this.polynomial = cs.toSpectrum(scale != 0 ? rgb.div(scale) : ColorRGB.BLACK);
this.polynomial = cs.toSpectrum(scale == 0 ? Color.multiply(rgb, scale) : Color.BLACK);
this.illuminant = cs.illuminant();
}

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/RGBUnboundedSpectrum.java
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@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.SigmoidPolynomial;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
public final class RGBUnboundedSpectrum implements Spectrum {
private final double scale;
private final @NotNull SigmoidPolynomial polynomial;
public RGBUnboundedSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
public RGBUnboundedSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull Color rgb) {
if (rgb.r() < 0 || rgb.g() < 0 || rgb.b() < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
var max = Math.max(rgb.r(), Math.max(rgb.g(), rgb.b()));
this.scale = 2 * max;
this.polynomial = cs.toSpectrum(scale == 0 ? rgb.div(scale) : ColorRGB.BLACK);
this.polynomial = cs.toSpectrum(scale == 0 ? Color.multiply(rgb, scale) : Color.BLACK);
}
@Override

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/ScaledSpectrum.java
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@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
public record ScaledSpectrum(@NotNull Spectrum spectrum, double scale) implements Spectrum {
@Override
public double max() {
return spectrum.max() * scale;
}
@Override
public double get(double lambda) {
return spectrum.get(lambda) * scale;
}
}

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/Spectra.java
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@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorXYZ;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
@ -9,402 +8,79 @@ import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public final class Spectra {
private static final String PATH_PREFIX = "/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/spectrum/";
/**
* the CIE XYZ color matching curve for X
*/
public static final Spectrum X = new DenselySampledSpectrum(new PiecewiseLinearSpectrum(CIE_XYZ.CIE_lambda, CIE_XYZ.CIE_X));
public static final Spectrum X;
/**
* the CIE XYZ color matching curve for Y
*/
public static final Spectrum Y = new DenselySampledSpectrum(new PiecewiseLinearSpectrum(CIE_XYZ.CIE_lambda, CIE_XYZ.CIE_Y));;
public static final Spectrum Y;
/**
* the CIE XYZ color matching curve for Z
*/
public static final Spectrum Z = new DenselySampledSpectrum(new PiecewiseLinearSpectrum(CIE_XYZ.CIE_lambda, CIE_XYZ.CIE_Z));;
public static final Spectrum Z;
/**
* the CIE standard illuminant D50
* @see <a href="https://doi.org/10.25039/CIE.DS.hjfjmt59">CIE 2022, CIE standard illuminant D65, International Commission on Illumination (CIE), Vienna, Austria, DOI: 10.25039/CIE.DS.hjfjmt59</a>
*/
public static final Spectrum D50 = read("CIE_std_illum_D50.csv", true);
public static final Spectrum D50;
/**
* the CIE standard illuminant D65
* @see <a href="https://doi.org/10.25039/CIE.DS.etgmuqt5">CIE 2022, Relative spectral power distributions of CIE standard illuminants A, D65 and D50 (wavelengths in standard air) (data table), International Commission on Illumination (CIE), Vienna, Austria, DOI:10.25039/CIE.DS.etgmuqt5</a>
*/
public static final Spectrum D65 = read("CIE_std_illum_D65.csv", true);
public static final Spectrum D65;
public static final Spectrum BLACK = new ConstantSpectrum(0);
public static final Spectrum WHITE = new ConstantSpectrum(1);
static {
var xyz = read("/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/spectrum/CIE_xyz_1931_2deg.csv");
X = xyz[0];
Y = xyz[1];
Z = xyz[2];
D50 = read("/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/spectrum/CIE_std_illum_D50.csv")[0];
D65 = read("/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/spectrum/CIE_std_illum_D65.csv")[0];
}
private static @NotNull Spectrum read(@NotNull String path, boolean normalize) {
private static @NotNull DenselySampledSpectrum[] read(@NotNull String path) {
var lambda = new ArrayList<Double>();
var values = new ArrayList<Double>();
var values = new ArrayList<List<Double>>();
try (
var is = Spectra.class.getResourceAsStream(PATH_PREFIX + path);
var is = Spectra.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
var in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII))
) {
int count = -1;
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
var parts = line.split(",");
if (count == -1) {
count = parts.length - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) values.add(new ArrayList<>());
} else if (count != parts.length - 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("invalid spectrum file: " + path);
}
lambda.add(Double.parseDouble(parts[0]));
values.add(Double.parseDouble(parts[1]));
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
values.get(i).add(Double.parseDouble(parts[i + 1]));
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
}
var pls = new PiecewiseLinearSpectrum(
lambda.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).toArray(),
values.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).toArray()
);
if (normalize) {
return pls.scale(ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL / Util.innerProduct(pls, Spectra.Y));
} else {
return pls;
var out = new DenselySampledSpectrum[values.size()];
var lambdaArray = lambda.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).toArray();
for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
var valueArray = values.get(i).stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).toArray();
var s = new PiecewiseLinearSpectrum(lambdaArray, valueArray);
out[i] = new DenselySampledSpectrum(s);
}
return out;
}
private Spectra() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* @see <a href="https://doi.org/10.25039/CIE.DS.xvudnb9b">CIE 2018, CIE 1931 colour-matching functions , 2 degree observer (data table),
* International Commission on Illumination (CIE), Vienna, Austria,
* DOI:10.25039/CIE.DS.xvudnb9b</a>
*/
private static final class CIE_XYZ {
private static final double[] CIE_lambda = {
360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376,
377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393,
394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410,
411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427,
428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444,
445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461,
462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478,
479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495,
496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512,
513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529,
530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546,
547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563,
564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580,
581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597,
598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614,
615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631,
632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648,
649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665,
666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682,
683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699,
700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716,
717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733,
734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750,
751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767,
768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784,
785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801,
802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818,
819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830
};
private static final double[] CIE_X = {
// CIE X function values
0.0001299000, 0.0001458470, 0.0001638021, 0.0001840037, 0.0002066902,
0.0002321000, 0.0002607280, 0.0002930750, 0.0003293880, 0.0003699140,
0.0004149000, 0.0004641587, 0.0005189860, 0.0005818540, 0.0006552347,
0.0007416000, 0.0008450296, 0.0009645268, 0.001094949, 0.001231154,
0.001368000, 0.001502050, 0.001642328, 0.001802382, 0.001995757,
0.002236000, 0.002535385, 0.002892603, 0.003300829, 0.003753236,
0.004243000, 0.004762389, 0.005330048, 0.005978712, 0.006741117,
0.007650000, 0.008751373, 0.01002888, 0.01142170, 0.01286901,
0.01431000, 0.01570443, 0.01714744, 0.01878122, 0.02074801,
0.02319000, 0.02620736, 0.02978248, 0.03388092, 0.03846824,
0.04351000, 0.04899560, 0.05502260, 0.06171880, 0.06921200,
0.07763000, 0.08695811, 0.09717672, 0.1084063, 0.1207672,
0.1343800, 0.1493582, 0.1653957, 0.1819831, 0.1986110,
0.2147700, 0.2301868, 0.2448797, 0.2587773, 0.2718079,
0.2839000, 0.2949438, 0.3048965, 0.3137873, 0.3216454,
0.3285000, 0.3343513, 0.3392101, 0.3431213, 0.3461296,
0.3482800, 0.3495999, 0.3501474, 0.3500130, 0.3492870,
0.3480600, 0.3463733, 0.3442624, 0.3418088, 0.3390941,
0.3362000, 0.3331977, 0.3300411, 0.3266357, 0.3228868,
0.3187000, 0.3140251, 0.3088840, 0.3032904, 0.2972579,
0.2908000, 0.2839701, 0.2767214, 0.2689178, 0.2604227,
0.2511000, 0.2408475, 0.2298512, 0.2184072, 0.2068115,
0.1953600, 0.1842136, 0.1733273, 0.1626881, 0.1522833,
0.1421000, 0.1321786, 0.1225696, 0.1132752, 0.1042979,
0.09564000, 0.08729955, 0.07930804, 0.07171776, 0.06458099,
0.05795001, 0.05186211, 0.04628152, 0.04115088, 0.03641283,
0.03201000, 0.02791720, 0.02414440, 0.02068700, 0.01754040,
0.01470000, 0.01216179, 0.009919960, 0.007967240, 0.006296346,
0.004900000, 0.003777173, 0.002945320, 0.002424880, 0.002236293,
0.002400000, 0.002925520, 0.003836560, 0.005174840, 0.006982080,
0.009300000, 0.01214949, 0.01553588, 0.01947752, 0.02399277,
0.02910000, 0.03481485, 0.04112016, 0.04798504, 0.05537861,
0.06327000, 0.07163501, 0.08046224, 0.08973996, 0.09945645,
0.1096000, 0.1201674, 0.1311145, 0.1423679, 0.1538542,
0.1655000, 0.1772571, 0.1891400, 0.2011694, 0.2133658,
0.2257499, 0.2383209, 0.2510668, 0.2639922, 0.2771017,
0.2904000, 0.3038912, 0.3175726, 0.3314384, 0.3454828,
0.3597000, 0.3740839, 0.3886396, 0.4033784, 0.4183115,
0.4334499, 0.4487953, 0.4643360, 0.4800640, 0.4959713,
0.5120501, 0.5282959, 0.5446916, 0.5612094, 0.5778215,
0.5945000, 0.6112209, 0.6279758, 0.6447602, 0.6615697,
0.6784000, 0.6952392, 0.7120586, 0.7288284, 0.7455188,
0.7621000, 0.7785432, 0.7948256, 0.8109264, 0.8268248,
0.8425000, 0.8579325, 0.8730816, 0.8878944, 0.9023181,
0.9163000, 0.9297995, 0.9427984, 0.9552776, 0.9672179,
0.9786000, 0.9893856, 0.9995488, 1.0090892, 1.0180064,
1.0263000, 1.0339827, 1.0409860, 1.0471880, 1.0524667,
1.0567000, 1.0597944, 1.0617992, 1.0628068, 1.0629096,
1.0622000, 1.0607352, 1.0584436, 1.0552244, 1.0509768,
1.0456000, 1.0390369, 1.0313608, 1.0226662, 1.0130477,
1.0026000, 0.9913675, 0.9793314, 0.9664916, 0.9528479,
0.9384000, 0.9231940, 0.9072440, 0.8905020, 0.8729200,
0.8544499, 0.8350840, 0.8149460, 0.7941860, 0.7729540,
0.7514000, 0.7295836, 0.7075888, 0.6856022, 0.6638104,
0.6424000, 0.6215149, 0.6011138, 0.5811052, 0.5613977,
0.5419000, 0.5225995, 0.5035464, 0.4847436, 0.4661939,
0.4479000, 0.4298613, 0.4120980, 0.3946440, 0.3775333,
0.3608000, 0.3444563, 0.3285168, 0.3130192, 0.2980011,
0.2835000, 0.2695448, 0.2561184, 0.2431896, 0.2307272,
0.2187000, 0.2070971, 0.1959232, 0.1851708, 0.1748323,
0.1649000, 0.1553667, 0.1462300, 0.1374900, 0.1291467,
0.1212000, 0.1136397, 0.1064650, 0.09969044, 0.09333061,
0.08740000, 0.08190096, 0.07680428, 0.07207712, 0.06768664,
0.06360000, 0.05980685, 0.05628216, 0.05297104, 0.04981861,
0.04677000, 0.04378405, 0.04087536, 0.03807264, 0.03540461,
0.03290000, 0.03056419, 0.02838056, 0.02634484, 0.02445275,
0.02270000, 0.02108429, 0.01959988, 0.01823732, 0.01698717,
0.01584000, 0.01479064, 0.01383132, 0.01294868, 0.01212920,
0.01135916, 0.01062935, 0.009938846, 0.009288422, 0.008678854,
0.008110916, 0.007582388, 0.007088746, 0.006627313, 0.006195408,
0.005790346, 0.005409826, 0.005052583, 0.004717512, 0.004403507,
0.004109457, 0.003833913, 0.003575748, 0.003334342, 0.003109075,
0.002899327, 0.002704348, 0.002523020, 0.002354168, 0.002196616,
0.002049190, 0.001910960, 0.001781438, 0.001660110, 0.001546459,
0.001439971, 0.001340042, 0.001246275, 0.001158471, 0.001076430,
0.0009999493, 0.0009287358, 0.0008624332, 0.0008007503, 0.0007433960,
0.0006900786, 0.0006405156, 0.0005945021, 0.0005518646, 0.0005124290,
0.0004760213, 0.0004424536, 0.0004115117, 0.0003829814, 0.0003566491,
0.0003323011, 0.0003097586, 0.0002888871, 0.0002695394, 0.0002515682,
0.0002348261, 0.0002191710, 0.0002045258, 0.0001908405, 0.0001780654,
0.0001661505, 0.0001550236, 0.0001446219, 0.0001349098, 0.0001258520,
0.0001174130, 0.0001095515, 0.0001022245, 0.00009539445, 0.00008902390,
0.00008307527, 0.00007751269, 0.00007231304, 0.00006745778, 0.00006292844,
0.00005870652, 0.00005477028, 0.00005109918, 0.00004767654, 0.00004448567,
0.00004150994, 0.00003873324, 0.00003614203, 0.00003372352, 0.00003146487,
0.00002935326, 0.00002737573, 0.00002552433, 0.00002379376, 0.00002217870,
0.00002067383, 0.00001927226, 0.00001796640, 0.00001674991, 0.00001561648,
0.00001455977, 0.00001357387, 0.00001265436, 0.00001179723, 0.00001099844,
0.00001025398, 0.000009559646, 0.000008912044, 0.000008308358, 0.000007745769,
0.000007221456, 0.000006732475, 0.000006276423, 0.000005851304, 0.000005455118,
0.000005085868, 0.000004741466, 0.000004420236, 0.000004120783, 0.000003841716,
0.000003581652, 0.000003339127, 0.000003112949, 0.000002902121, 0.000002705645,
0.000002522525, 0.000002351726, 0.000002192415, 0.000002043902, 0.000001905497,
0.000001776509, 0.000001656215, 0.000001544022, 0.000001439440, 0.000001341977,
0.000001251141
};
private static final double[] CIE_Y = {
// CIE Y function values
0.000003917000, 0.000004393581, 0.000004929604, 0.000005532136, 0.000006208245,
0.000006965000, 0.000007813219, 0.000008767336, 0.000009839844, 0.00001104323,
0.00001239000, 0.00001388641, 0.00001555728, 0.00001744296, 0.00001958375,
0.00002202000, 0.00002483965, 0.00002804126, 0.00003153104, 0.00003521521,
0.00003900000, 0.00004282640, 0.00004691460, 0.00005158960, 0.00005717640,
0.00006400000, 0.00007234421, 0.00008221224, 0.00009350816, 0.0001061361,
0.0001200000, 0.0001349840, 0.0001514920, 0.0001702080, 0.0001918160,
0.0002170000, 0.0002469067, 0.0002812400, 0.0003185200, 0.0003572667,
0.0003960000, 0.0004337147, 0.0004730240, 0.0005178760, 0.0005722187,
0.0006400000, 0.0007245600, 0.0008255000, 0.0009411600, 0.001069880,
0.001210000, 0.001362091, 0.001530752, 0.001720368, 0.001935323,
0.002180000, 0.002454800, 0.002764000, 0.003117800, 0.003526400,
0.004000000, 0.004546240, 0.005159320, 0.005829280, 0.006546160,
0.007300000, 0.008086507, 0.008908720, 0.009767680, 0.01066443,
0.01160000, 0.01257317, 0.01358272, 0.01462968, 0.01571509,
0.01684000, 0.01800736, 0.01921448, 0.02045392, 0.02171824,
0.02300000, 0.02429461, 0.02561024, 0.02695857, 0.02835125,
0.02980000, 0.03131083, 0.03288368, 0.03452112, 0.03622571,
0.03800000, 0.03984667, 0.04176800, 0.04376600, 0.04584267,
0.04800000, 0.05024368, 0.05257304, 0.05498056, 0.05745872,
0.06000000, 0.06260197, 0.06527752, 0.06804208, 0.07091109,
0.07390000, 0.07701600, 0.08026640, 0.08366680, 0.08723280,
0.09098000, 0.09491755, 0.09904584, 0.1033674, 0.1078846,
0.1126000, 0.1175320, 0.1226744, 0.1279928, 0.1334528,
0.1390200, 0.1446764, 0.1504693, 0.1564619, 0.1627177,
0.1693000, 0.1762431, 0.1835581, 0.1912735, 0.1994180,
0.2080200, 0.2171199, 0.2267345, 0.2368571, 0.2474812,
0.2586000, 0.2701849, 0.2822939, 0.2950505, 0.3085780,
0.3230000, 0.3384021, 0.3546858, 0.3716986, 0.3892875,
0.4073000, 0.4256299, 0.4443096, 0.4633944, 0.4829395,
0.5030000, 0.5235693, 0.5445120, 0.5656900, 0.5869653,
0.6082000, 0.6293456, 0.6503068, 0.6708752, 0.6908424,
0.7100000, 0.7281852, 0.7454636, 0.7619694, 0.7778368,
0.7932000, 0.8081104, 0.8224962, 0.8363068, 0.8494916,
0.8620000, 0.8738108, 0.8849624, 0.8954936, 0.9054432,
0.9148501, 0.9237348, 0.9320924, 0.9399226, 0.9472252,
0.9540000, 0.9602561, 0.9660074, 0.9712606, 0.9760225,
0.9803000, 0.9840924, 0.9874812, 0.9903128, 0.9928116,
0.9949501, 0.9967108, 0.9980983, 0.9991120, 0.9997482,
1.0000000, 0.9998567, 0.9993046, 0.9983255, 0.9968987,
0.9950000, 0.9926005, 0.9897426, 0.9864444, 0.9827241,
0.9786000, 0.9740837, 0.9691712, 0.9638568, 0.9581349,
0.9520000, 0.9454504, 0.9384992, 0.9311628, 0.9234576,
0.9154000, 0.9070064, 0.8982772, 0.8892048, 0.8797816,
0.8700000, 0.8598613, 0.8493920, 0.8386220, 0.8275813,
0.8163000, 0.8047947, 0.7930820, 0.7811920, 0.7691547,
0.7570000, 0.7447541, 0.7324224, 0.7200036, 0.7074965,
0.6949000, 0.6822192, 0.6694716, 0.6566744, 0.6438448,
0.6310000, 0.6181555, 0.6053144, 0.5924756, 0.5796379,
0.5668000, 0.5539611, 0.5411372, 0.5283528, 0.5156323,
0.5030000, 0.4904688, 0.4780304, 0.4656776, 0.4534032,
0.4412000, 0.4290800, 0.4170360, 0.4050320, 0.3930320,
0.3810000, 0.3689184, 0.3568272, 0.3447768, 0.3328176,
0.3210000, 0.3093381, 0.2978504, 0.2865936, 0.2756245,
0.2650000, 0.2547632, 0.2448896, 0.2353344, 0.2260528,
0.2170000, 0.2081616, 0.1995488, 0.1911552, 0.1829744,
0.1750000, 0.1672235, 0.1596464, 0.1522776, 0.1451259,
0.1382000, 0.1315003, 0.1250248, 0.1187792, 0.1127691,
0.1070000, 0.1014762, 0.09618864, 0.09112296, 0.08626485,
0.08160000, 0.07712064, 0.07282552, 0.06871008, 0.06476976,
0.06100000, 0.05739621, 0.05395504, 0.05067376, 0.04754965,
0.04458000, 0.04175872, 0.03908496, 0.03656384, 0.03420048,
0.03200000, 0.02996261, 0.02807664, 0.02632936, 0.02470805,
0.02320000, 0.02180077, 0.02050112, 0.01928108, 0.01812069,
0.01700000, 0.01590379, 0.01483718, 0.01381068, 0.01283478,
0.01192000, 0.01106831, 0.01027339, 0.009533311, 0.008846157,
0.008210000, 0.007623781, 0.007085424, 0.006591476, 0.006138485,
0.005723000, 0.005343059, 0.004995796, 0.004676404, 0.004380075,
0.004102000, 0.003838453, 0.003589099, 0.003354219, 0.003134093,
0.002929000, 0.002738139, 0.002559876, 0.002393244, 0.002237275,
0.002091000, 0.001953587, 0.001824580, 0.001703580, 0.001590187,
0.001484000, 0.001384496, 0.001291268, 0.001204092, 0.001122744,
0.001047000, 0.0009765896, 0.0009111088, 0.0008501332, 0.0007932384,
0.0007400000, 0.0006900827, 0.0006433100, 0.0005994960, 0.0005584547,
0.0005200000, 0.0004839136, 0.0004500528, 0.0004183452, 0.0003887184,
0.0003611000, 0.0003353835, 0.0003114404, 0.0002891656, 0.0002684539,
0.0002492000, 0.0002313019, 0.0002146856, 0.0001992884, 0.0001850475,
0.0001719000, 0.0001597781, 0.0001486044, 0.0001383016, 0.0001287925,
0.0001200000, 0.0001118595, 0.0001043224, 0.00009733560, 0.00009084587,
0.00008480000, 0.00007914667, 0.00007385800, 0.00006891600, 0.00006430267,
0.00006000000, 0.00005598187, 0.00005222560, 0.00004871840, 0.00004544747,
0.00004240000, 0.00003956104, 0.00003691512, 0.00003444868, 0.00003214816,
0.00003000000, 0.00002799125, 0.00002611356, 0.00002436024, 0.00002272461,
0.00002120000, 0.00001977855, 0.00001845285, 0.00001721687, 0.00001606459,
0.00001499000, 0.00001398728, 0.00001305155, 0.00001217818, 0.00001136254,
0.00001060000, 0.000009885877, 0.000009217304, 0.000008592362, 0.000008009133,
0.000007465700, 0.000006959567, 0.000006487995, 0.000006048699, 0.000005639396,
0.000005257800, 0.000004901771, 0.000004569720, 0.000004260194, 0.000003971739,
0.000003702900, 0.000003452163, 0.000003218302, 0.000003000300, 0.000002797139,
0.000002607800, 0.000002431220, 0.000002266531, 0.000002113013, 0.000001969943,
0.000001836600, 0.000001712230, 0.000001596228, 0.000001488090, 0.000001387314,
0.000001293400, 0.000001205820, 0.000001124143, 0.000001048009, 0.0000009770578,
0.0000009109300, 0.0000008492513, 0.0000007917212, 0.0000007380904, 0.0000006881098,
0.0000006415300, 0.0000005980895, 0.0000005575746, 0.0000005198080, 0.0000004846123,
0.0000004518100
};
private static final double[] CIE_Z = {
// CIE Z function values
0.0006061000, 0.0006808792, 0.0007651456, 0.0008600124, 0.0009665928,
0.001086000, 0.001220586, 0.001372729, 0.001543579, 0.001734286,
0.001946000, 0.002177777, 0.002435809, 0.002731953, 0.003078064,
0.003486000, 0.003975227, 0.004540880, 0.005158320, 0.005802907,
0.006450001, 0.007083216, 0.007745488, 0.008501152, 0.009414544,
0.01054999, 0.01196580, 0.01365587, 0.01558805, 0.01773015,
0.02005001, 0.02251136, 0.02520288, 0.02827972, 0.03189704,
0.03621000, 0.04143771, 0.04750372, 0.05411988, 0.06099803,
0.06785001, 0.07448632, 0.08136156, 0.08915364, 0.09854048,
0.1102000, 0.1246133, 0.1417017, 0.1613035, 0.1832568,
0.2074000, 0.2336921, 0.2626114, 0.2947746, 0.3307985,
0.3713000, 0.4162091, 0.4654642, 0.5196948, 0.5795303,
0.6456000, 0.7184838, 0.7967133, 0.8778459, 0.9594390,
1.0390501, 1.1153673, 1.1884971, 1.2581233, 1.3239296,
1.3856000, 1.4426352, 1.4948035, 1.5421903, 1.5848807,
1.6229600, 1.6564048, 1.6852959, 1.7098745, 1.7303821,
1.7470600, 1.7600446, 1.7696233, 1.7762637, 1.7804334,
1.7826000, 1.7829682, 1.7816998, 1.7791982, 1.7758671,
1.7721100, 1.7682589, 1.7640390, 1.7589438, 1.7524663,
1.7441000, 1.7335595, 1.7208581, 1.7059369, 1.6887372,
1.6692000, 1.6475287, 1.6234127, 1.5960223, 1.5645280,
1.5281000, 1.4861114, 1.4395215, 1.3898799, 1.3387362,
1.2876400, 1.2374223, 1.1878243, 1.1387611, 1.0901480,
1.0419000, 0.9941976, 0.9473473, 0.9014531, 0.8566193,
0.8129501, 0.7705173, 0.7294448, 0.6899136, 0.6521049,
0.6162000, 0.5823286, 0.5504162, 0.5203376, 0.4919673,
0.4651800, 0.4399246, 0.4161836, 0.3938822, 0.3729459,
0.3533000, 0.3348578, 0.3175521, 0.3013375, 0.2861686,
0.2720000, 0.2588171, 0.2464838, 0.2347718, 0.2234533,
0.2123000, 0.2011692, 0.1901196, 0.1792254, 0.1685608,
0.1582000, 0.1481383, 0.1383758, 0.1289942, 0.1200751,
0.1117000, 0.1039048, 0.09666748, 0.08998272, 0.08384531,
0.07824999, 0.07320899, 0.06867816, 0.06456784, 0.06078835,
0.05725001, 0.05390435, 0.05074664, 0.04775276, 0.04489859,
0.04216000, 0.03950728, 0.03693564, 0.03445836, 0.03208872,
0.02984000, 0.02771181, 0.02569444, 0.02378716, 0.02198925,
0.02030000, 0.01871805, 0.01724036, 0.01586364, 0.01458461,
0.01340000, 0.01230723, 0.01130188, 0.01037792, 0.009529306,
0.008749999, 0.008035200, 0.007381600, 0.006785400, 0.006242800,
0.005749999, 0.005303600, 0.004899800, 0.004534200, 0.004202400,
0.003900000, 0.003623200, 0.003370600, 0.003141400, 0.002934800,
0.002749999, 0.002585200, 0.002438600, 0.002309400, 0.002196800,
0.002100000, 0.002017733, 0.001948200, 0.001889800, 0.001840933,
0.001800000, 0.001766267, 0.001737800, 0.001711200, 0.001683067,
0.001650001, 0.001610133, 0.001564400, 0.001513600, 0.001458533,
0.001400000, 0.001336667, 0.001270000, 0.001205000, 0.001146667,
0.001100000, 0.001068800, 0.001049400, 0.001035600, 0.001021200,
0.001000000, 0.0009686400, 0.0009299200, 0.0008868800, 0.0008425600,
0.0008000000, 0.0007609600, 0.0007236800, 0.0006859200, 0.0006454400,
0.0006000000, 0.0005478667, 0.0004916000, 0.0004354000, 0.0003834667,
0.0003400000, 0.0003072533, 0.0002831600, 0.0002654400, 0.0002518133,
0.0002400000, 0.0002295467, 0.0002206400, 0.0002119600, 0.0002021867,
0.0001900000, 0.0001742133, 0.0001556400, 0.0001359600, 0.0001168533,
0.0001000000, 0.00008613333, 0.00007460000, 0.00006500000, 0.00005693333,
0.00004999999, 0.00004416000, 0.00003948000, 0.00003572000, 0.00003264000,
0.00003000000, 0.00002765333, 0.00002556000, 0.00002364000, 0.00002181333,
0.00002000000, 0.00001813333, 0.00001620000, 0.00001420000, 0.00001213333,
0.00001000000, 0.000007733333, 0.000005400000, 0.000003200000, 0.000001333333,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000, 0.000000000000,
0.000000000000
};
}
}

54
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/Spectrum.java
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@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorXYZ;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledWavelengths;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.SkyBox;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
public interface Spectrum extends Texture, SkyBox {
public interface Spectrum {
int LAMBDA_MIN = 360;
int LAMBDA_MAX = 830;
int SAMPLES = 4;
/**
* {@return the maximum value of <code>this</code> spectrum over the range of wavelengths}
@ -27,51 +23,27 @@ public interface Spectrum extends Texture, SkyBox {
*/
double get(double lambda);
default @NotNull Spectrum scale(double scale) {
return new ScaledSpectrum(this, scale);
}
default @NotNull SampledSpectrum sample(@NotNull SampledWavelengths lambdas) {
return new SampledSpectrum(lambdas, this);
}
default @NotNull ColorXYZ toXYZ() {
return new ColorXYZ(
Util.innerProduct(Spectra.X, this) / ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL,
Util.innerProduct(Spectra.Y, this) / ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL,
Util.innerProduct(Spectra.Z, this) / ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL
innerProduct(Spectra.X, this) / ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL,
innerProduct(Spectra.Y, this) / ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL,
innerProduct(Spectra.Z, this) / ColorXYZ.CIE_Y_INTEGRAL
);
}
default @NotNull ColorRGB toRGB(@NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
default @NotNull Color toRGB(@NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
return cs.toRGB(toXYZ());
}
/*
* Texture
*/
@Override
default @NotNull Spectrum get(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
return this;
}
@Override
default @NotNull Spectrum get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
return this;
}
@Override
default boolean isUVRequired() {
return false;
}
/*
* SkyBox
*/
@Override
default @NotNull SampledSpectrum getColor(@NotNull Ray ray) {
return this.sample(ray.lambda());
private static double innerProduct(@NotNull Spectrum f, @NotNull Spectrum g) {
var integral = 0.0;
for (var lambda = LAMBDA_MIN; lambda <= LAMBDA_MAX; lambda++) {
integral += f.get(lambda) * g.get(lambda);
}
return integral;
}
}

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/spectral/spectrum/Util.java
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package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
final class Util {
private Util() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public static double innerProduct(@NotNull Spectrum f, @NotNull Spectrum g) {
var integral = 0.0;
for (var lambda = Spectrum.LAMBDA_MIN; lambda <= Spectrum.LAMBDA_MAX; lambda++) {
integral += f.get(lambda) * g.get(lambda);
}
return integral;
}
}

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/texture/CheckerTexture.java
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@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
public record CheckerTexture(double scale, @NotNull Texture even, @NotNull Texture odd) implements Texture {
@Override
public @NotNull Spectrum get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
public @NotNull Color get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
var x = (int) Math.floor(p.x() / scale);
var y = (int) Math.floor(p.y() / scale);
var z = (int) Math.floor(p.z() / scale);

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src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/texture/Color.java
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package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.SkyBox;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;
import static eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.Main.DEBUG;
public record Color(double r, double g, double b) implements Texture, SkyBox {
public static final @NotNull Color BLACK = new Color(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
public static final @NotNull Color WHITE = new Color(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
public static final @NotNull Color RED = new Color(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
public static final @NotNull Color GREEN = new Color(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
public static final @NotNull Color BLUE = new Color(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
public static @NotNull Color lerp(@NotNull Color a, @NotNull Color b, double t) {
if (t < 0) return a;
if (t > 1) return b;
return new Color(
Math.fma(t, b.r, Math.fma(-t, a.r, a.r)),
Math.fma(t, b.g, Math.fma(-t, a.g, a.g)),
Math.fma(t, b.b, Math.fma(-t, a.b, a.b))
);
}
public static @NotNull Color multiply(@NotNull Color a, @NotNull Color b) {
return new Color(a.r() * b.r(), a.g() * b.g(), a.b() * b.b());
}
public static @NotNull Color multiply(@NotNull Color a, double b) {
return new Color(a.r() * b, a.g() * b, a.b() * b);
}
public static @NotNull Color add(@NotNull Color a, @NotNull Color b) {
return new Color(a.r() + b.r(), a.g() + b.g(), a.b() + b.b());
}
public static @NotNull Color random(@NotNull Random random) {
return new Color(random.nextDouble(), random.nextDouble(), random.nextDouble());
}
public static @NotNull Color random(@NotNull Random random, double min, double max) {
var span = max - min;
return new Color(
Math.fma(random.nextDouble(), span, min),
Math.fma(random.nextDouble(), span, min),
Math.fma(random.nextDouble(), span, min)
);
}
public static @NotNull Color average(@NotNull Color current, @NotNull Color next, int index) {
var factor = 1d / index;
return new Color(
Math.fma(factor, next.r() - current.r(), current.r()),
Math.fma(factor, next.g() - current.g(), current.g()),
Math.fma(factor, next.b() - current.b(), current.b())
);
}
public static @NotNull Color gamma(@NotNull Color color, double gamma) {
if (gamma == 1.0) {
return color;
} else if (gamma == 2.0) {
return new Color(
Math.sqrt(color.r()),
Math.sqrt(color.g()),
Math.sqrt(color.b())
);
} else {
return new Color(
Math.pow(color.r(), 1 / gamma),
Math.pow(color.g(), 1 / gamma),
Math.pow(color.b(), 1 / gamma)
);
}
}
public Color(int rgb) {
this((rgb >> 16) & 0xFF, (rgb >> 8) & 0xFF, rgb & 0xFF);
}
public Color(int red, int green, int blue) {
this(red / 255f, green / 255f, blue / 255f);
}
public Color(@NotNull Vec3 vec) {
this(vec.x(), vec.y(), vec.z());
}
public Color {
if (DEBUG) {
if (!Double.isFinite(r) || !Double.isFinite(g) || !Double.isFinite(b)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("r, g and b must be finite");
}
if (r < 0 || g < 0 || b < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("r, g and b must be non-negative");
}
}
}
public int red() {
return toInt(r);
}
public int green() {
return toInt(g);
}
public int blue() {
return toInt(b);
}
public double component(int i) {
return switch (i) {
case 0 -> r;
case 1 -> g;
case 2 -> b;
default -> throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(i);
};
}
@Override
public @NotNull Color get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
return this;
}
@Override
public @NotNull Color getColor(@NotNull Ray ray) {
return this;
}
@Override
public boolean isUVRequired() {
return false;
}
public @NotNull Vec3 toVec3() {
return new Vec3(r, g, b);
}
private static int toInt(double value) {
return Math.clamp((int) (255.99 * value), 0, 255);
}
}

61
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/texture/ImageTexture.java
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@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorSpace;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBAlbedoSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.RGBIlluminantSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas.Image;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
@ -14,33 +10,22 @@ import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.util.Objects;
public final class ImageTexture implements Texture {
private static final String PATH_PREFIX = "/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/textures/";
public record ImageTexture(@NotNull Image image) implements Texture {
private final int width;
private final int height;
private final @NotNull Spectrum[][] spectra;
public ImageTexture(@NotNull BufferedImage image, @NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull Type type, boolean gamma) {
this.width = image.getWidth();
this.height = image.getHeight();
this.spectra = new Spectrum[height][width];
public ImageTexture {
Objects.requireNonNull(image, "image");
}
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
var rgb = new ColorRGB(image.getRGB(x, y));
if (gamma) rgb = ColorRGB.inverseGamma(rgb);
spectra[y][x] = type.newSpectrum(cs, rgb);
}
}
public ImageTexture(@NotNull BufferedImage image) {
this(new Image(image));
}
public ImageTexture(@NotNull String path, @NotNull ColorSpace cs) {
this(read(path), cs, Type.ALBEDO, true);
public ImageTexture(@NotNull String path) {
this(read(path));
}
private static @NotNull BufferedImage read(@NotNull String path) {
try (var in = Objects.requireNonNull(ImageTexture.class.getResourceAsStream(PATH_PREFIX + path))) {
try (var in = Objects.requireNonNull(ImageTexture.class.getResourceAsStream(path))) {
return ImageIO.read(in);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(ex);
@ -48,29 +33,11 @@ public final class ImageTexture implements Texture {
}
@Override
public @NotNull Spectrum get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
public @NotNull Color get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
u = Math.clamp(u, 0, 1);
v = 1 - Math.clamp(v, 0, 1);
int x = (int) (u * (width - 1));
int y = (int) (v * (height - 1));
return spectra[y][x];
}
public enum Type {
ALBEDO {
@Override
protected @NotNull Spectrum newSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
return new RGBAlbedoSpectrum(cs, rgb);
}
},
ILLUMINANT {
@Override
protected @NotNull Spectrum newSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull ColorRGB rgb) {
return new RGBIlluminantSpectrum(cs, rgb);
}
},
;
protected abstract @NotNull Spectrum newSpectrum(@NotNull ColorSpace cs, @NotNull ColorRGB rgb);
int x = (int) (u * (image.getWidth() - 1));
int y = (int) (v * (image.getHeight() - 1));
return image.get(x, y);
}
}

12
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/texture/PerlinTexture.java
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@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectra;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import java.util.Objects;
@ -13,11 +11,11 @@ import java.util.random.RandomGenerator;
public final class PerlinTexture implements Texture {
private static final int POINT_COUNT = 256;
private static final @NotNull Random RANDOM = new Random();
private static final @NotNull DoubleFunction<Spectrum> GREYSCALE = Spectra.WHITE::scale;
private static final @NotNull DoubleFunction<Color> GREYSCALE = t -> new Color(t, t, t);
private final double scale;
private final int turbulence;
private final @NotNull DoubleFunction<Spectrum> color;
private final @NotNull DoubleFunction<Color> color;
private final int mask;
private final Vec3[] randvec;
@ -37,12 +35,12 @@ public final class PerlinTexture implements Texture {
this(scale, turbulence, GREYSCALE);
}
public PerlinTexture(double scale, int turbulence, @NotNull DoubleFunction<Spectrum> color) {
public PerlinTexture(double scale, int turbulence, @NotNull DoubleFunction<Color> color) {
this(scale, turbulence, color, POINT_COUNT, RANDOM);
}
public PerlinTexture(
double scale, int turbulence, @NotNull DoubleFunction<Spectrum> color,
double scale, int turbulence, @NotNull DoubleFunction<Color> color,
int count, @NotNull RandomGenerator random
) {
if ((count & (count - 1)) != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count must be a power of two");
@ -120,7 +118,7 @@ public final class PerlinTexture implements Texture {
}
@Override
public @NotNull Spectrum get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
public @NotNull Color get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p) {
var noise = getNoise(p, turbulence);
var t = Math.fma(0.5, Math.sin(Math.PI * noise), 0.5);
return color.apply(t);

5
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/texture/Texture.java
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@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.HitResult;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ public interface Texture {
/**
* {@return the color of <code>this</code> texture for a hit}
*/
default @NotNull Spectrum get(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
default @NotNull Color get(@NotNull HitResult hit) {
return get(hit.u(), hit.v(), hit.position());
}
@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ public interface Texture {
* @param v the texture v coordinate
* @param p the position
*/
@NotNull Spectrum get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p);
@NotNull Color get(double u, double v, @NotNull Vec3 p);
/**
* Returns whether {@link #get(double, double, Vec3)} uses the {@code u} and/or {@code v} parameters.

7
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/Scene.java
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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.AABB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectra;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.util.HittableBinaryTree;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.util.HittableCollection;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ public final class Scene extends HittableCollection {
}
public Scene(@NotNull List<? extends @NotNull Hittable> objects, @Nullable List<? extends @NotNull Target> targets) {
this(Spectra.BLACK, objects, targets);
this(Color.BLACK, objects, targets);
}
public Scene(@NotNull SkyBox background, @NotNull List<? extends @NotNull Hittable> objects) {
@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ public final class Scene extends HittableCollection {
return targets;
}
public @NotNull SampledSpectrum getBackgroundColor(@NotNull Ray ray) {
public @NotNull Color getBackgroundColor(@NotNull Ray ray) {
return background.getColor(ray);
}
}

16
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/SkyBox.java
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@ -1,27 +1,21 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.SampledSpectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.spectrum.Spectrum;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@FunctionalInterface
public interface SkyBox {
@NotNull SampledSpectrum getColor(@NotNull Ray ray);
@NotNull Color getColor(@NotNull Ray ray);
static @NotNull SkyBox gradient(@NotNull Spectrum top, @NotNull Spectrum bottom) {
static @NotNull SkyBox gradient(@NotNull Color top, @NotNull Color bottom) {
return ray -> {
// altitude from -pi/2 to pi/2
var alt = Math.copySign(
Math.acos(ray.direction().withY(0).unit().dot(ray.direction().unit())),
Math.acos(ray.direction().withY(0).unit().times(ray.direction().unit())),
ray.direction().y()
);
return SampledSpectrum.lerp(
top.sample(ray.lambda()),
bottom.sample(ray.lambda()),
alt / Math.PI + 0.5
);
return Color.lerp(bottom, top, alt / Math.PI + 0.5);
};
}
}

14
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/hittable2d/Hittable2D.java
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@ -31,23 +31,23 @@ public abstract class Hittable2D implements Hittable {
var n = u.cross(v);
if (n.squared() < 1e-8) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.normal = n.unit();
this.d = origin.dot(normal);
this.d = origin.times(normal);
this.w = n.div(n.squared());
}
@Override
public @NotNull Optional<HitResult> hit(@NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull Range range) {
var denominator = ray.direction().dot(normal);
var denominator = ray.direction().times(normal);
if (Math.abs(denominator) < 1e-8) return Optional.empty(); // parallel
var t = (d - ray.origin().dot(normal)) / denominator;
var t = (d - ray.origin().times(normal)) / denominator;
if (!range.surrounds(t)) return Optional.empty();
var position = ray.at(t);
var p = position.minus(origin);
var alpha = w.dot(p.cross(v));
var beta = w.dot(u.cross(p));
var alpha = w.times(p.cross(v));
var beta = w.times(u.cross(p));
if (!isInterior(alpha, beta)) return Optional.empty();
var frontFace = denominator < 0;
@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ public abstract class Hittable2D implements Hittable {
}
protected double hit0(@NotNull Ray ray, @NotNull Range range) {
var denominator = ray.direction().dot(normal);
var denominator = ray.direction().times(normal);
if (Math.abs(denominator) < 1e-8) return Double.NaN; // parallel
var t = (d - ray.origin().dot(normal)) / denominator;
var t = (d - ray.origin().times(normal)) / denominator;
if (!range.surrounds(t)) return Double.NaN;
var position = ray.at(t);

4
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/hittable3d/Sphere.java
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public final class Sphere implements Hittable, Target {
var position = ray.at(t);
var normal = Vec3.fma(invRadius, position, normalizedCenter);
var frontFace = normal.dot(ray.direction()) < 0;
var frontFace = normal.times(ray.direction()) < 0;
double u;
double v;
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public final class Sphere implements Hittable, Target {
var oc = ray.origin().minus(center);
var a = ray.direction().squared();
var h = ray.direction().dot(oc);
var h = ray.direction().times(oc);
var c = oc.squared() - radius * radius;
var discriminant = h * h - a * c;

2
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/transform/RotateY.java
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public sealed class RotateY extends Transform {
var newOrigin = transform(origin);
var newDirection = transform(direction);
return new Ray(newOrigin, newDirection, ray.lambda());
return new Ray(newOrigin, newDirection);
}
@Override

2
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/transform/Translate.java
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public sealed class Translate extends Transform {
@Override
protected final @NotNull Ray transform(@NotNull Ray ray) {
return new Ray(ray.origin().minus(offset), ray.direction(), ray.lambda());
return new Ray(ray.origin().minus(offset), ray.direction());
}
@Override

2
src/main/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/util/PdfUtil.java
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public final class PdfUtil {
* must be unit vectors.
*/
public static double getSolidAngle(@NotNull Vec3 a, @NotNull Vec3 b, @NotNull Vec3 c) {
var angle = 2 * Math.atan(Math.abs(Vec3.tripleProduct(a, b, c)) / (1 + a.dot(b) + b.dot(c) + c.dot(a)));
var angle = 2 * Math.atan(Math.abs(Vec3.tripleProduct(a, b, c)) / (1 + a.times(b) + b.times(c) + c.times(a)));
return angle < 0 ? 2 * Math.PI + angle : angle;
}
}

0
src/main/resources/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/colorspace/.gitkeep
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src/main/resources/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/spectrum/CIE_xyz_1931_2deg.csv
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@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
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361,0.000145847000,0.0000043935810,0.000680879200
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376,0.000845029600,0.0000248396500,0.003975227000
377,0.000964526800,0.0000280412600,0.004540880000
378,0.001094949000,0.0000315310400,0.005158320000
379,0.001231154000,0.0000352152100,0.005802907000
380,0.001368000000,0.0000390000000,0.006450001000
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382,0.001642328000,0.0000469146000,0.007745488000
383,0.001802382000,0.0000515896000,0.008501152000
384,0.001995757000,0.0000571764000,0.009414544000
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351 710 0.005790346000 0.0020910000000 0.000000000000
352 711 0.005409826000 0.0019535870000 0.000000000000
353 712 0.005052583000 0.0018245800000 0.000000000000
354 713 0.004717512000 0.0017035800000 0.000000000000
355 714 0.004403507000 0.0015901870000 0.000000000000
356 715 0.004109457000 0.0014840000000 0.000000000000
357 716 0.003833913000 0.0013844960000 0.000000000000
358 717 0.003575748000 0.0012912680000 0.000000000000
359 718 0.003334342000 0.0012040920000 0.000000000000
360 719 0.003109075000 0.0011227440000 0.000000000000
361 720 0.002899327000 0.0010470000000 0.000000000000
362 721 0.002704348000 0.0009765896000 0.000000000000
363 722 0.002523020000 0.0009111088000 0.000000000000
364 723 0.002354168000 0.0008501332000 0.000000000000
365 724 0.002196616000 0.0007932384000 0.000000000000
366 725 0.002049190000 0.0007400000000 0.000000000000
367 726 0.001910960000 0.0006900827000 0.000000000000
368 727 0.001781438000 0.0006433100000 0.000000000000
369 728 0.001660110000 0.0005994960000 0.000000000000
370 729 0.001546459000 0.0005584547000 0.000000000000
371 730 0.001439971000 0.0005200000000 0.000000000000
372 731 0.001340042000 0.0004839136000 0.000000000000
373 732 0.001246275000 0.0004500528000 0.000000000000
374 733 0.001158471000 0.0004183452000 0.000000000000
375 734 0.001076430000 0.0003887184000 0.000000000000
376 735 0.000999949300 0.0003611000000 0.000000000000
377 736 0.000928735800 0.0003353835000 0.000000000000
378 737 0.000862433200 0.0003114404000 0.000000000000
379 738 0.000800750300 0.0002891656000 0.000000000000
380 739 0.000743396000 0.0002684539000 0.000000000000
381 740 0.000690078600 0.0002492000000 0.000000000000
382 741 0.000640515600 0.0002313019000 0.000000000000
383 742 0.000594502100 0.0002146856000 0.000000000000
384 743 0.000551864600 0.0001992884000 0.000000000000
385 744 0.000512429000 0.0001850475000 0.000000000000
386 745 0.000476021300 0.0001719000000 0.000000000000
387 746 0.000442453600 0.0001597781000 0.000000000000
388 747 0.000411511700 0.0001486044000 0.000000000000
389 748 0.000382981400 0.0001383016000 0.000000000000
390 749 0.000356649100 0.0001287925000 0.000000000000
391 750 0.000332301100 0.0001200000000 0.000000000000
392 751 0.000309758600 0.0001118595000 0.000000000000
393 752 0.000288887100 0.0001043224000 0.000000000000
394 753 0.000269539400 0.0000973356000 0.000000000000
395 754 0.000251568200 0.0000908458700 0.000000000000
396 755 0.000234826100 0.0000848000000 0.000000000000
397 756 0.000219171000 0.0000791466700 0.000000000000
398 757 0.000204525800 0.0000738580000 0.000000000000
399 758 0.000190840500 0.0000689160000 0.000000000000
400 759 0.000178065400 0.0000643026700 0.000000000000
401 760 0.000166150500 0.0000600000000 0.000000000000
402 761 0.000155023600 0.0000559818700 0.000000000000
403 762 0.000144621900 0.0000522256000 0.000000000000
404 763 0.000134909800 0.0000487184000 0.000000000000
405 764 0.000125852000 0.0000454474700 0.000000000000
406 765 0.000117413000 0.0000424000000 0.000000000000
407 766 0.000109551500 0.0000395610400 0.000000000000
408 767 0.000102224500 0.0000369151200 0.000000000000
409 768 0.000095394450 0.0000344486800 0.000000000000
410 769 0.000089023900 0.0000321481600 0.000000000000
411 770 0.000083075270 0.0000300000000 0.000000000000
412 771 0.000077512690 0.0000279912500 0.000000000000
413 772 0.000072313040 0.0000261135600 0.000000000000
414 773 0.000067457780 0.0000243602400 0.000000000000
415 774 0.000062928440 0.0000227246100 0.000000000000
416 775 0.000058706520 0.0000212000000 0.000000000000
417 776 0.000054770280 0.0000197785500 0.000000000000
418 777 0.000051099180 0.0000184528500 0.000000000000
419 778 0.000047676540 0.0000172168700 0.000000000000
420 779 0.000044485670 0.0000160645900 0.000000000000
421 780 0.000041509940 0.0000149900000 0.000000000000
422 781 0.000038733240 0.0000139872800 0.000000000000
423 782 0.000036142030 0.0000130515500 0.000000000000
424 783 0.000033723520 0.0000121781800 0.000000000000
425 784 0.000031464870 0.0000113625400 0.000000000000
426 785 0.000029353260 0.0000106000000 0.000000000000
427 786 0.000027375730 0.0000098858770 0.000000000000
428 787 0.000025524330 0.0000092173040 0.000000000000
429 788 0.000023793760 0.0000085923620 0.000000000000
430 789 0.000022178700 0.0000080091330 0.000000000000
431 790 0.000020673830 0.0000074657000 0.000000000000
432 791 0.000019272260 0.0000069595670 0.000000000000
433 792 0.000017966400 0.0000064879950 0.000000000000
434 793 0.000016749910 0.0000060486990 0.000000000000
435 794 0.000015616480 0.0000056393960 0.000000000000
436 795 0.000014559770 0.0000052578000 0.000000000000
437 796 0.000013573870 0.0000049017710 0.000000000000
438 797 0.000012654360 0.0000045697200 0.000000000000
439 798 0.000011797230 0.0000042601940 0.000000000000
440 799 0.000010998440 0.0000039717390 0.000000000000
441 800 0.000010253980 0.0000037029000 0.000000000000
442 801 0.000009559646 0.0000034521630 0.000000000000
443 802 0.000008912044 0.0000032183020 0.000000000000
444 803 0.000008308358 0.0000030003000 0.000000000000
445 804 0.000007745769 0.0000027971390 0.000000000000
446 805 0.000007221456 0.0000026078000 0.000000000000
447 806 0.000006732475 0.0000024312200 0.000000000000
448 807 0.000006276423 0.0000022665310 0.000000000000
449 808 0.000005851304 0.0000021130130 0.000000000000
450 809 0.000005455118 0.0000019699430 0.000000000000
451 810 0.000005085868 0.0000018366000 0.000000000000
452 811 0.000004741466 0.0000017122300 0.000000000000
453 812 0.000004420236 0.0000015962280 0.000000000000
454 813 0.000004120783 0.0000014880900 0.000000000000
455 814 0.000003841716 0.0000013873140 0.000000000000
456 815 0.000003581652 0.0000012934000 0.000000000000
457 816 0.000003339127 0.0000012058200 0.000000000000
458 817 0.000003112949 0.0000011241430 0.000000000000
459 818 0.000002902121 0.0000010480090 0.000000000000
460 819 0.000002705645 0.0000009770578 0.000000000000
461 820 0.000002522525 0.0000009109300 0.000000000000
462 821 0.000002351726 0.0000008492513 0.000000000000
463 822 0.000002192415 0.0000007917212 0.000000000000
464 823 0.000002043902 0.0000007380904 0.000000000000
465 824 0.000001905497 0.0000006881098 0.000000000000
466 825 0.000001776509 0.0000006415300 0.000000000000
467 826 0.000001656215 0.0000005980895 0.000000000000
468 827 0.000001544022 0.0000005575746 0.000000000000
469 828 0.000001439440 0.0000005198080 0.000000000000
470 829 0.000001341977 0.0000004846123 0.000000000000
471 830 0.000001251141 0.0000004518100 0.000000000000

4
src/test/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/math/Vec3Test.java
Unescape Escape View File

@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ class Vec3Test {
}
@Test
void dotVec() {
void timesVec() {
var a = new Vec3(1, 2, 3);
var b = new Vec3(-1, 1, -2);
assertEquals(-5, a.dot(b));
assertEquals(-5, a.times(b));
}
@Test

10
src/test/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/RGBCanvasTest.java → src/test/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/render/canvas/ImageTest.java
Unescape Escape View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.canvas;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.ImageFormat;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ import java.util.Objects;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
class RGBCanvasTest {
class ImageTest {
@Test
void test(@TempDir Path dir) throws IOException {
var image = new RGBCanvas(256, 256);
var image = new Image(256, 256);
for (var y = 0; y < image.getHeight(); y++) {
for (var x = 0; x < image.getWidth(); x++) {
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class RGBCanvasTest {
var g = (double) y / (image.getHeight() - 1);
var b = 0;
image.set(x, y, new ColorRGB(r, g, b));
image.set(x, y, new Color(r, g, b));
}
}
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class RGBCanvasTest {
String expected;
String actual;
try (var in = Objects.requireNonNull(RGBCanvasTest.class.getResourceAsStream("simple_image.ppm"))) {
try (var in = Objects.requireNonNull(ImageTest.class.getResourceAsStream("simple_image.ppm"))) {
expected = new String(in.readAllBytes(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
}

4
src/test/java/eu/jonahbauer/raytracing/scene/hittable3d/SphereTest.java
Unescape Escape View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.scene.hittable3d;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Range;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Ray;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.math.Vec3;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.spectral.colors.ColorRGB;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.texture.Color;
import eu.jonahbauer.raytracing.render.material.LambertianMaterial;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class SphereTest {
void hit() {
var center = new Vec3(1, 2, 3);
var radius = 5;
var sphere = new Sphere(center, radius, new LambertianMaterial(ColorRGB.WHITE));
var sphere = new Sphere(center, radius, new LambertianMaterial(Color.WHITE));
var origin = new Vec3(6, 7, 8);
var direction = new Vec3(-1, -1, -1);

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